Living with heart failure

Heart failure is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs. This results in a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues, leading to various symptoms and complications. While the term "heart failure" might suggest that the heart has stopped working entirely, it actually means that the heart is functioning less efficiently than normal.

This condition can affect one or both sides of the heart and can develop over time due to a variety of underlying causes. Here to explain more is esteemed consultant cardiologist, Dr Sergio Nabais. 

Causes of heart failure

Several factors can contribute to the development of heart failure. The most common cause is coronary artery disease, where the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is another significant contributor, as it forces the heart to work harder than normal, leading to weakening of the heart muscle.

Other causes include heart valve disease, cardiomyopathy (a disease of the heart muscle), diabetes, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of physical activity. In some cases, heart failure can also result from a heart attack, which causes damage to the heart muscle.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Symptoms of heart failure can vary depending on the severity and the part of the heart affected. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, and rapid or irregular heartbeat.

Some patients may also experience persistent coughing or wheezing, especially at night. To diagnose heart failure, doctors may perform a variety of tests, including echocardiograms, electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and stress tests, to assess the heart’s function and identify the underlying cause.

Treatment options

Treatment for heart failure typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and, in some cases, surgery. Lifestyle changes, such as reducing salt intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly, are crucial in managing the condition. Medications may include ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics, which help reduce the heart’s workload and improve its function. In severe cases, surgical options like coronary artery bypass grafting or heart transplants may be considered.

Living with heart failure

Managing heart failure requires ongoing medical care and lifestyle adjustments. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed. By adhering to the prescribed treatment plan and making healthy lifestyle choices, many people with heart failure can lead active, fulfilling lives despite the challenges posed by the condition.