Navigating egg allergy

Egg allergy is among the most prevalent food allergies, particularly in children. While it can be concerning, understanding the condition and how to manage it can significantly reduce its impact on daily life. In his latest online article, Dr Mugilan Anandarajan provides a comprehensive overview to help you navigate this allergy with confidence.

What is egg allergy?

An egg allergy occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies proteins found in eggs as harmful. The immune system then releases chemicals, such as histamines, to combat these proteins, leading to allergic reactions. These reactions can range from mild to severe.

Symptoms of egg allergy

Symptoms of egg allergy can appear within a few minutes to a few hours after consuming eggs or foods containing eggs. Common symptoms include:

• Skin reactions: Hives (raised, red, itchy welts), eczema (red, itchy, inflamed skin), or swelling.

• Respiratory issues: Runny nose, sneezing, coughing, or wheezing.

• Digestive problems: Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea. 

• Anaphylaxis: A severe and potentially life-threatening reaction that demands immediate medical attention. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat and tongue, rapid pulse, and a drop in blood pressure.

Diagnosing egg allergy

If you suspect an egg allergy, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional. Diagnosis typically involves:

1. Medical history: A detailed discussion about symptoms and their timing in relation to egg consumption.

2. Skin prick test: A small amount of egg protein is placed on the skin, which is then pricked to allow the protein to enter. If a raised bump develops, it indicates an allergic reaction.

3. Blood test: Measures the immune system's response to eggs by detecting specific antibodies (proteins the body produces to fight off what it perceives as harmful).

4. Oral food challenge: Under medical supervision, the patient consumes small amounts of egg to monitor for reactions. This test is considered the most accurate but also the riskiest and is performed only in a controlled environment.

Managing egg allergy

The primary treatment for egg allergy is strict avoidance of eggs and egg-containing products. This can be challenging as eggs are common in many foods. Reading food labels meticulously is essential. Look for terms like albumin, globulin, and lysozyme, which indicate the presence of egg proteins.

For mild allergic reactions, antihistamines can help alleviate symptoms. However, for those at risk of severe reactions, carrying an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) is crucial. This device can deliver a dose of epinephrine to counteract severe allergic reactions quickly.

Living with egg allergy

Managing egg allergy involves more than just avoiding eggs. Informing caregivers, teachers, and friends about the allergy ensures a safer environment. Additionally, many egg-free alternatives are available for cooking and baking, making it easier to maintain a balanced diet without eggs.

Regular follow-ups with an allergist can help monitor the allergy and any changes in its severity. In some cases, children may outgrow an egg allergy, but this should be confirmed through medical testing rather than experimentation.

Understanding and managing egg allergy can greatly improve quality of life. With the right knowledge and precautions, living with this allergy becomes manageable and less daunting.

Dr Mugilan Anandarajan is an esteemed consultant paediatrician. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Anandarajan on his Top Doctors profile.