Navigating the menopause: A guide to managing symptoms and health risks

The menopause is a natural biological process that signifies the end of a woman’s reproductive years. In some cases, this significant life transition can come with a range of symptoms and health risks.

Mr Zaid Hasafa, renowned consultant gynaecologist, provides an expert guide to managing the symptoms and health risks of the menopause.

What is the menopause, and when does it typically occur?

The menopause is defined as the time in a woman’s life when her menstrual cycles stop for 12 consecutive months. It generally occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. However, some women may experience early menopause before age 45, while others may continue to have irregular periods into their late 50s.

The process of reaching the menopause generally begins with the perimenopause, which is the transitional phase characterised by hormonal fluctuations and irregular menstrual cycles. During this time, oestrogen and progesterone levels begin to decline, leading to various physical and emotional changes.

What are the common signs and symptoms of the menopause?

All women experience the menopause differently, with symptoms varying in intensity and duration. Common symptoms include:

• hot flashes
• vaginal dryness
• mood changes, anxiety, or depression
• difficulty sleeping
• changes in libido

While some women may find their symptoms manageable, others will require medical assistance in coping with the changes.

Are there any health risks associated with the menopause?

Yes, the menopause is associated with several health risks, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, changes in lipid profiles and blood pressure, weakened pelvic floor, and the slowing down of metabolism.

What are some effective treatment options for managing menopause symptoms?

Managing menopause symptoms involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medical treatments, and hormone replacement therapy in some cases:

• Lifestyle changes

A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats is essential for managing symptoms and supporting health, with foods high in calcium and vitamin D being particularly important for bone health. Regular physical activity, including activities like walking, swimming, and yoga, can also alleviate symptoms, improve mood, and help maintain a healthy weight.

• Medical treatments

Vaginal lubricants and moisturisers can alleviate dryness and discomfort during intercourse, enhancing sexual comfort. Additionally, low-dose antidepressants have been shown to be effective in managing hot flashes and mood swings.

• Hormone replacement therapy

Hormone replacement therapy involves the administration of oestrogen and, in some cases, progesterone as well to alleviate menopause symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy can be highly effective in reducing hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. However, it’s not suitable for everyone and its administration should be discussed with a specialist, such as a consultant gynaecologist.

Is hormone replacement therapy safe?

While hormone replacement therapy can effectively relieve menopause symptoms, it’s not without risks, including the increased risk of blood clots, breast cancer, and heart disease.

Due to these risks, it’s important for women considering hormone replacement therapy to have a thorough discussion with their gynaecologist. This discussion should include personal health history, family history, and the severity of menopause symptoms. The decision to use hormone replacement therapy should always be individualised, weighing the benefits against the risks.

If you would like to book an appointment with Mr Hasafa, head on over to his Top Doctors profile today.