Osteoporosis: your questions answered

Osteoporosis is a condition that principally affects women, but did you realise it is not only women who can suffer from the condition? Leading consultant rheumatologist Dr Elisa Astorri answers your commonly asked questions about osteoporosis, including how it is diagnosed and how you can reduce your risk of developing the condition.

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition characterised by weakened bones, which increases the risk of fractures. It occurs when the body loses too much bone or makes too little, leading to bones becoming porous and brittle.

Who is at risk for osteoporosis?

Anyone can be at risk of osteoporosis; however, the condition mainly affects females. The following groups are most likely to be affected by osteoporosis:

• Postmenopausal women.
• Elderly people.
• Smokers.
• Those with a family history of the condition.
• Heavy alcohol consumers.
• Those with low body weight.

Hormonal imbalances, sedentary lifestyle, certain medications, and inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake also heighten the risk of developing osteoporosis. Regular screening and lifestyle modifications can mitigate risks.

What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis often progresses silently without symptoms, until a fracture occurs. Symptoms may include back pain, loss of height over time, stooped posture, and fractures, especially in the hip, spine, or wrist. However, early detection through bone density tests is crucial as symptoms may not manifest until advanced stages.

How is osteoporosis diagnosed?

Osteoporosis is diagnosed through bone density testing, typically using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans. These tests measure bone mineral density and compare it to norms for age, sex, and ethnicity. Additionally, medical history, physical examination, and fracture risk assessment may aid diagnosis, guiding treatment and preventive measures.

What can people do to reduce their risk of osteoporosis?

To reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis, individuals should prioritise a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, engage in weight-bearing exercises, quit smoking, limit alcohol intake, and maintain a healthy body weight. It is important, if possible, for them to spend time in the sun in order to increase their vitamin D intake.

Regular bone density screening, fall prevention strategies, and consulting your doctor for medication or supplements if necessary are vital steps to take to reduce the risk of osteoporosis development.

What are the treatments for osteoporosis?

Treatments for osteoporosis include medications such as bisphosphonates, hormone-related therapies, and denosumab (which is part of a group of treatments called monoclonal antibodies) to slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk. As previously mentioned, lifestyle modifications like a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, weight-bearing exercises, and fall prevention strategies are also essential. Regular monitoring and adjusting treatment plans help manage the condition effectively.

If you are concerned about osteoporosis and would like to book a consultation with Dr Astorri, do not hesitate to do so by visiting her Top Doctors profile today.