Pleural diseases: your questions answered

Pleural diseases encompass a range of conditions affecting the pleura, the delicate double-layered membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the chest cavity. These conditions can lead to discomfort, impaired lung function, and, in severe cases, life-threatening complications.

Distinguished consultant respiratory physician Dr Deepak Rao answers your commonly asked questions about the world of pleural diseases, shedding light on their types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, prevention, and available treatment options.

What is pleural disease and what are its types?

Pleural diseases manifest in various forms, including pleurisy, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pleural thickening, and mesothelioma. Each type presents distinctive challenges, ranging from inflammation of the pleura (pleurisy) to the accumulation of fluid between pleural layers (pleural effusion) and the collapse of lung due to air leakage (pneumothorax).

What are some typical symptoms of pleural diseases?

Symptoms of pleural diseases can vary widely. Common indicators include persistent chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing and in severe cases, difficulty breathing. These symptoms often mirror those of other respiratory disorders, underscoring the importance of accurate diagnosis.

What are the principal causes of pleural diseases?

Pleural diseases arise from diverse factors. Infections, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, can trigger pleurisy and effusion. Pneumothorax can result from traumatic injuries or spontaneously due to underlying lung conditions. Mesothelioma, a rare but aggressive cancer affecting the pleura, is primarily linked to asbestos exposure.

How are pleural diseases diagnosed? What tests are involved?

Diagnosing pleural diseases involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examinations, imaging tests (chest X-rays, CT scans), and in some cases, invasive procedures like thoracentesis or pleural biopsy. These assessments aid in determining the precise type and severity of the condition.

Can pleural diseases be prevented, especially in occupational settings?

Prevention is paramount, particularly in occupational settings where exposure to asbestos and other harmful agents is common. Strict adherence to safety regulations, proper protective equipment, and regular health screenings can reduce the risk of pleural diseases, particularly mesothelioma.

What are the treatment options for pleural diseases, such as pleurisy?

Treatment approaches depend on the type and severity of the pleural disease. Pleurisy and pleural effusion may be managed with pain relief and drainage procedures, such as thoracentesis. Pneumothorax often requires chest tube insertion to allow the lung to re-expand. In cases of pleural thickening and mesothelioma, treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and palliative care.

If you are suffering from a pleural disease and would like to book a consultation with Dr Rao, simply visit his Top Doctors profile today.