Surgical treatment for menstrual disorders: Exploring hysterectomy, hysteroscopy and laparoscopic procedures
Escrito por:Menstrual disorders, such as heavy bleeding (menorrhagia), irregular cycles or chronic pelvic pain, can significantly impact a woman's quality of life. While conservative treatments like medications or hormonal therapies are often effective, surgical interventions may be recommended for cases that don’t respond to non-surgical approaches. Procedures like hysterectomy, hysteroscopy and laparoscopic surgeries provide effective solutions tailored to the underlying condition.
When is surgical treatment necessary?
Surgical interventions are typically considered for menstrual disorders caused by:
- Uterine fibroids;
- Endometriosis;
- Adenomyosis;
- Uterine polyps;
- Abnormal uterine bleeding that cannot be controlled with medication;
- Persistent pain or bleeding linked to structural abnormalities or precancerous changes.
The choice of surgery depends on the severity of the symptoms, the underlying condition, and the patient’s reproductive goals.
Hysterectomy: A definitive solution
A hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus and is often a definitive treatment for severe menstrual disorders.
- Types of hysterectomy:
- Partial (removal of the uterus, leaving the cervix intact);
- Total (removal of the uterus and cervix);
- Radical (removal of the uterus, cervix, and surrounding structures, often for cancer).
- When is it recommended?
- For patients with severe fibroids, adenomyosis or cancer;
- For those who no longer wish to preserve fertility.
Hysterectomy eliminates menstruation altogether, and is a major surgical procedure requiring careful consideration and recovery time.
Hysteroscopy: A minimally invasive option
A hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat menstrual disorders by examining the inside of the uterus using a thin scope with lights.
- Common uses:
- Removing uterine polyps or fibroids;
- Treating uterine adhesions;
- Endometrial ablation to reduce heavy bleeding.
- Benefits:
- No incisions are needed as the procedure is performed through the vagina;
- Short recovery time with minimal discomfort;
- Ideal for women seeking a less invasive treatment to preserve fertility.
Laparoscopic procedures: Targeted precision
Laparoscopy involves small incisions through which a camera and specialised instruments are used to treat conditions causing menstrual disorders.
- Conditions treated:
- Endometriosis: Removal of endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus.
- Fibroids: Myomectomy to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus.
- Ovarian cysts or pelvic adhesions causing pain or irregular cycles.
- Advantages:
- Faster recovery compared to open surgery.
- Minimal scarring.
- Retention of fertility in most cases.
What to consider when choosing surgery
Patients should discuss their symptoms, treatment goals and long-term plans, such as preserving fertility, with their gynaecologist. Factors like the severity of symptoms, age, and overall health will guide the choice of procedure.
Surgical treatment for menstrual disorders offers relief from chronic pain and excessive bleeding, allowing women to regain control of their health and quality of life. With advancements in minimally invasive techniques, many procedures now offer faster recovery and less post-operative discomfort, making them more accessible and effective than ever before.
