Tackling childhood constipation

Constipation is a common issue in children, affecting 5 to 30% of them. In his latest online article, Dr Jonathan Henderson looks into the reasons behind constipation, emphasising the importance of recognising its symptoms and potential causes.

What can cause constipation in children?  

Constipation can have various contributing factors, leading to a prevalence of around 5 to 30% in children. The occurrence can be sporadic, present at different ages with different symptoms. My role involves delving into the patient's history and posing targeted questions to understand potential connections. Is it linked to behaviour? Does the child experience pain, indicative of an underlying issue they are grappling to comprehend, possibly resulting in behaviours like withholding? Or could it be related to their diet or insufficient attention to maintaining good gut health? The causes are varied. Within the medical profession, certain aspects are deemed red flags, indicating concerns that require attention. My responsibility is to meticulously explore the history, ensuring I address specific queries to rule out any secondary causes of constipation.

What can be done to help relieve constipation in children at home?

Addressing constipation at home involves recognising that bowel movements can vary among children. If a child is facing difficulties, it's essential to assess their diet, ensure proper hydration, and monitor their regular use of the toilet. These simple measures can be taken at home. While there are limited conservative treatments available without medication, individuals seeking professional assistance, such as myself, may receive a combination of home-based therapies and medication.

When should we see a doctor?

If you have concerns about your child, it's crucial to consult a doctor promptly. Delaying action due to daily worries might result in overlooked issues, and regret may arise if a serious diagnosis is delayed. So, if you're apprehensive, the simple message is to seek medical attention. In the context of constipation, heightened concern arises if there's noticeable blood in the stool or if your child experiences constipation accompanied by vomiting. These are considered red flags in the medical field. Don't hesitate; seek medical advice if you have concerns, and we can proceed from there.

Can constipation in children be a sign of something serious?

Constipation may often have unclear origins, but it can also be a consequence of underlying issues, such as conditions affecting the nerve supply to the bowel. During an examination, we not only assess the abdomen but also scrutinise the nerves, possibly examining the legs to identify any relevant issues. There are various secondary causes of constipation, highlighting the importance of thorough history-taking and examination. It's essential to acknowledge that constipation itself can be the primary manifestation of a more serious diagnosis.

Which foods or habits can help to prevent constipation in children?

Cultivating positive habits involves maintaining good hydration and caring for the digestive system. Adequate hydration is particularly beneficial for the gut. Additionally, incorporating high-fibre foods, such as fruits and vegetables, into your diet is essential. These straightforward measures can be implemented at home to promote gut health and make an effort to prevent constipation.

Dr Jonathan Henderson is an esteemed consultant paediatrician. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Henderson on his Top Doctors profile.