The ins and outs of kidney cancer

Kidney cancer often goes undetected until it reaches advanced stages. Also known as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), poses a significant health challenge due to its subtle symptoms and the complexity of its underlying mechanisms. Mr Kawa Omar delves into the intricacies of kidney cancer, exploring its causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods and innovative treatments.

Understanding kidney cancer

Kidney cancer originates when cells in the renal tubules, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, undergo malignant transformations. The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma, accounting for approximately 90 per cent of all cases. It often develops as a single tumour within one kidney, though it can also affect both kidneys simultaneously.

Causes and risk factors

The precise causes of kidney cancer remain elusive, but certain risk factors may increase susceptibility. Smoking, obesity, hypertension, and a family history of kidney cancer are among the identified risk factors. Additionally, individuals with genetic conditions like von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease are at an elevated risk.

Symptoms

Kidney cancer is notorious for its lack of early warning signs, making it challenging to detect in its initial stages. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms may include blood in the urine, persistent back pain or side pain, unintentional weight loss, fatigue and a palpable mass in the abdomen. Recognising these symptoms and seeking prompt medical attention is crucial for early diagnosis and effective intervention.

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis of kidney cancer involves a combination of imaging tests, such as CT scans and MRIs, along with a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Once diagnosed, staging helps determine the extent of the disease, guiding the development of an appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment options

The treatment landscape for kidney cancer has evolved significantly, offering patients a range of options tailored to their specific conditions. Surgery remains a primary intervention, with partial or total nephrectomy (kidney removal) being common procedures. Targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy have also emerged as effective modalities, providing new avenues for personalised and precision medicine approaches.

Promising advances

Researchers are continually making strides in understanding kidney cancer at the molecular level, paving the way for innovative treatments. Immunotherapies, which harness the body's immune system to target cancer cells, show promising results in extending survival rates for advanced kidney cancer patients. Clinical trials exploring novel therapies and combinations offer hope for improved outcomes and a brighter future in the fight against kidney cancer.

Mr Kawa Omar is a highly esteemed urologist. You can schedule an appointment with Mr Omar on his Top Doctors profile.