The key aspects of bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgery, commonly referred to as weight loss surgery, is a medical procedure designed to assist individuals in achieving significant weight loss when traditional methods such as diet and exercise have proven insufficient. If you are considering bariatric surgery, it is essential to understand the various aspects of this treatment, including the types of surgery available, potential benefits, risks, and the necessary lifestyle changes post-surgery.

What is bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery encompasses a range of procedures aimed at reducing the size of the stomach or altering the digestive system to limit food intake and nutrient absorption.  The most popular choices amongst patients include gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding.

Gastric bypass: With a gastric bypass, a small pouch is created at the top of the stomach, which connects it directly to the small intestine. This not only restricts the amount of food one can eat but also reduces nutrient absorption.

Sleeve gastrectomy: In this surgery, a large portion of the stomach is removed, leaving a tube-like structure or "sleeve." This limits food intake and decreases the production of ghrelin, the hormone responsible for hunger.

Adjustable gastric banding: This involves placing a band around the upper part of the stomach, which, creates a small pouch. The band can be adjusted to control the amount of food the stomach can hold, promoting a feeling of fullness after eating small amounts.

Who is a candidate for bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery is typically recommended for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or those with a BMI of 35-39.9 who suffer from serious obesity-related health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), or sleep apnoea (a sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts).

What are the benefits of bariatric surgery?

The primary benefit of bariatric surgery is significant weight loss, which can lead to the improvement or resolution of obesity-related conditions. Many patients experience a dramatic reduction in type 2 diabetes symptoms, lower blood pressure, and improved cardiovascular health. Additionally, weight loss can enhance mobility, reduce joint pain, and improve overall quality of life.

Potential risks and considerations

As with any surgery, bariatric procedures carry risks. These can include infection, blood clots, and adverse reactions to anaesthesia. Long-term risks may involve nutritional deficiencies due to reduced nutrient absorption, necessitating lifelong vitamin and mineral supplementation. It is crucial to discuss these risks with your surgeon to make an informed decision.

Lifestyle changes post-surgery

Bariatric surgery is not a quick fix; it requires a commitment to a new lifestyle. Post-surgery, patients must adhere to a strict diet, beginning with liquids and gradually progressing to solid foods. Portion sizes will be significantly smaller, and certain foods may need to be avoided to prevent discomfort or complications. Regular physical activity and follow-up appointments with your healthcare team are essential to ensure long-term success.

Bariatric surgery can be a life-changing intervention for those struggling with severe obesity. By understanding the different procedures, eligibility criteria, benefits, risks, and necessary lifestyle adjustments, you can make an informed decision about whether this surgery is right for you. Always consult with a medical professional to discuss your individual situation and explore all available options.