Understanding anaemia: Causes, symptoms, and how to seek effective treatment

In his latest online article, Dr Branislav Czako gives us his insights into anaemia. Anaemia is a common blood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen to the body's tissues. This condition can have various causes and symptoms, and understanding them is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of anaemia

Iron Deficiency Anaemia: The most common type of anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia, occurs when the body doesn't have enough iron to produce sufficient haemoglobin. This may result from poor dietary intake of iron, inadequate absorption, or chronic blood loss.

Vitamin deficiency anaemia: Deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folic acid can lead to anaemia. These vitamins are essential for the production of red blood cells. Inadequate intake or malabsorption issues can contribute to this type of anaemia.

Chronic Diseases: Certain chronic conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, inflammatory disorders, and autoimmune diseases, can interfere with the body's ability to produce red blood cells, leading to anaemia.

Genetic factors: Inherited conditions like sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia affect the structure and function of red blood cells, leading to chronic anaemia.

Symptoms of Anaemia

Fatigue and weakness: A common symptom of anaemia is persistent fatigue and weakness due to the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Pale skin and cold extremities: Insufficient red blood cells can result in pale or sallow skin, and some individuals may experience cold hands and feet.

Shortness of breath: Inadequate oxygen supply to tissues can lead to shortness of breath, especially during physical activities.

Dizziness and headaches: Anaemia can cause dizziness and headaches as the brain receives less oxygen than needed.

Irregular heartbeat: A rapid or irregular heartbeat may occur as the heart works harder to compensate for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Treatment options

Iron and vitamin supplements: Iron deficiency anaemia is often treated with iron supplements, while vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements are recommended for their respective deficiencies.

Dietary changes: Adopting a diet rich in iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid is crucial for managing anaemia. This includes incorporating foods like red meat, leafy greens, and fortified cereals.

Blood transfusions: In severe cases or emergencies, blood transfusions may be necessary to quickly restore the body's red blood cell count.

Treatment of underlying conditions: Managing and treating underlying health conditions contributing to anaemia, such as addressing chronic diseases or genetic disorders, is essential for long-term management.

Anaemia is a widespread condition that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Recognising its causes and symptoms is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Whether through dietary changes, supplements, or medical interventions, addressing anaemia promptly can help individuals regain their energy and overall well-being. If you suspect you may have anaemia, consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and personalised treatment recommendations.

Dr Branislav Czako is an esteemed consultant haematologist with over 25 years of experience. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Czako on his Top Doctors profile.