Understanding colorectal cancer and the role of rectal surgery

Colorectal cancer is a common and serious condition that affects the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine. It usually starts as benign polyps, which are small growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum.

Over time, some of these polyps can become cancerous. Early detection and treatment are crucial, as colorectal cancer can spread to other parts of the body if not treated in time.

Causes

The exact causes of colorectal cancer are not always clear, but risk factors include age (most cases occur in people over 50), family history, genetic predispositions, a diet high in red or processed meat, smoking, and heavy alcohol use. Symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary but often include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, and persistent abdominal discomfort.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of colorectal cancer is typically made through screening methods such as colonoscopy, where doctors examine the inside of the colon and rectum for abnormal growths. Other diagnostic tools include blood tests, imaging scans, and biopsy procedures.

Treatment

When it comes to treatment, rectal surgery plays a crucial role, especially when cancer is detected in the lower part of the colon. The type of surgery depends on the stage and location of the cancer. In cases where cancer is confined to a small area, minimally invasive techniques like polypectomy or local excision can be effective.

For more advanced cases, a procedure known as rectal resection or proctectomy may be required. This involves removing part or all of the rectum and, in some cases, surrounding lymph nodes to prevent the spread of cancer.

After surgery, patients may require chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells. Rectal surgery is often highly effective, but the success of treatment depends on early detection, making regular screenings and monitoring essential for those at risk.