Understanding depression: Signs, diagnosis, and coping strategies

Depression is a pervasive experience touching nearly everyone to some degree. Beyond a simple low mood, it involves social withdrawal, diminished pleasure, and struggles with self-esteem. In his latest online article, Dr George Fieldman delves into the signs, diagnosis, and coping strategies, emphasising the role of cognitive therapy in reshaping distorted thinking and fostering a more positive outlook on oneself.

What is depression?

Depression is a common experience that nearly everyone encounters to some extent. It manifests as a mild low mood, often accompanied by social withdrawal and anhedonia, characterised by a lack of pleasure in life. Individuals may prefer staying at home, avoiding social interactions, and frequently struggle with low self-esteem.

This involves a belief that they are not proficient in their pursuits, lacking intelligence, attractiveness, and success—common characteristics associated with depression.

What are the signs and symptoms of depression?

Individuals with depression usually withdraw from others and become highly self-critical. They feel unworthy, undervalued, and think everyone else is better than them.

What is involved in diagnosing depression?

Depression commonly presents with characteristics such as withdrawal, self-criticism, dissatisfaction with life, and reduced social engagement. Individuals often experience a persistent low mood and tend to be highly self-critical.

How is depression treated?

In depression, individuals often exhibit cognitive distortions. When asked about their job proficiency or personal attractiveness, those experiencing depression tend to rate themselves lower than the average person. Instead of seeing themselves as reasonably average, as one would in a non-depressed state, they perceive themselves as significantly less competent or attractive. They express pessimistic views about their future, comparing unfavourably to others, and commonly harbour thoughts of inadequacy and gloomy prospects—a typical thought pattern in someone with depression.

What strategies can people use to cope with depression?

A key aspect of cognitive therapy involves recognising that our emotions are strongly influenced by our thoughts. Statements like "I'm not very good" or "I'm not up to much" are often inaccurate. By helping individuals understand these thinking errors or cognitive distortions, there is a noticeable improvement in their emotional well-being. They start to realise that their previous belief of being the worst at something is entirely mistaken. Recognising their true value and abilities leads to a more positive and optimistic outlook, as they begin to see themselves in a better light than they initially thought.

Dr George Fieldman is an esteemed chartered psychologist. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Fieldman on his Top Doctors profile.