Understanding fibroids: Causes and treatment options

Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus, affecting millions of women worldwide. Although they are common, many people have questions about their nature, causes, and available treatment options. In his latest online article, Mr Alvaro Bedoya-Ronga provides a comprehensive overview of fibroids, addressing key questions and shedding light on this prevalent condition.

What are fibroids?

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are benign tumours that form within the muscular wall of the uterus. They are typically composed of muscle cells and fibrous tissue. Fibroids can vary in size and number, ranging from tiny, undetectable nodules to large masses that distort the shape of the uterus. While fibroids can be asymptomatic, they may cause various symptoms, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, pressure on the bladder or bowel, and fertility issues.

Are fibroids noticeable?

The presence of fibroids may go unnoticed in some cases, particularly when they are small or do not cause any symptoms. However, when fibroids grow larger or affect nearby structures, they can become noticeable. Common signs of fibroids include heavy or prolonged menstrual periods, pelvic pain or discomfort, frequent urination, constipation, and pain during intercourse. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis.

What causes fibroids?

The exact cause of fibroids remains unknown, but several factors contribute to their development. Hormonal imbalances, specifically increased levels of oestrogen and progesterone, are believed to play a role in fibroid growth. Genetic predisposition and family history can also increase the risk of developing fibroids. Other factors, such as obesity and age, may influence their formation. However, more research is needed to fully understand the underlying causes of fibroids.

How are fibroids treated?

The treatment of fibroids depends on various factors, including the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and a woman's reproductive goals. The available treatment options include:

1. Watchful waiting: If fibroids are small, asymptomatic, and not affecting fertility, a healthcare professional may recommend monitoring the condition with regular check-ups.

2. Medications: Hormonal medications, such as birth control or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. They can help manage symptoms like heavy bleeding and pelvic pain. These medications do not eliminate fibroids but can temporarily shrink them.

3. Uterine artery embolisation involves blocking the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.

4. Surgical options: Hysteroscopic resection involves removing fibroids growing inside the uterine cavity using a thin tube inserted through the cervix. Laparoscopic myomectomy consists on keyhole surgery to remove fibroids. Open myomectomy is removal of the fibroid through a cut in the abdomen.

In cases where fibroids are large, multiple, or causing severe symptoms, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended. This option is generally considered for women who have completed their childbearing or for whom other treatments have been unsuccessful.

Fibroids are a common condition that can cause significant symptoms and affect the quality of life for many women. While the exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, hormonal imbalances and genetic factors are believed to play a role. The treatment approach for fibroids depends on individual circumstances and can range from watchful waiting to medication, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery. If you suspect you have fibroids or experience symptoms associated with them, consulting with a healthcare professional is essential to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Mr Alvaro Bedoya-Ronga is an esteemed consultant gynaecologist. You can schedule an appointment with Mr Bedoya-Ronga on his Top Doctors profile.