Understanding partial knee replacement: What to expect

Leading orthopaedic and knee surgeon Mr Barry Andrews goes into expert detail about exactly what to expect from the partial knee replacement procedure in this informative article.

What is a partial knee replacement?

A partial knee replacement, also known as unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), is a surgical procedure performed to replace only the damaged or diseased part of the knee joint with a prosthetic implant, rather than replacing the entire knee joint. It’s commonly used to treat osteoarthritis that affects only one compartment of the knee joint, typically the medial (inner) compartment.

Who is a candidate for partial knee replacement?

Candidates for partial knee replacement are typically individuals with:

• Osteoarthritis that affects only one compartment of the knee joint, usually the medial compartment.
• Adequate bone quality and stability in the other compartments of the knee joint.
• Sufficient range of motion and ligament integrity in the knee.
• Failure to respond to conservative treatments such as medication, physical therapy, and corticosteroid injections.

What can I expect during the partial knee replacement procedure?

Pre-operative assessment

Before the surgery, you will undergo a thorough evaluation, which may include physical examination, imaging tests (X-rays, MRI scans), and blood tests to assess your overall health and suitability for surgery.

Anaesthesia

Partial knee replacement surgery is typically performed under either general anaesthesia (where you are asleep) or regional anaesthesia (where only the lower part of your body is numbed). Your anaesthesiologist will discuss the most appropriate option for you based on your medical history and preferences.

Surgical procedure

During the surgery, your orthopaedic surgeon will make a small incision over the affected compartment of the knee joint.

The damaged cartilage and bone are then removed, and the prosthetic implant is placed in the knee joint to replace the damaged part.

Specialised instruments and techniques may be used to ensure precise alignment and fit of the implant.

Recovery

After the surgery, you will be monitored closely in the recovery room until you are fully awake and stable.

Most patients are able to go home on the same day or the day after surgery, depending on their overall health and the extent of the procedure.

Physical therapy and rehabilitation will be an essential part of your recovery process to help restore strength, flexibility and mobility in the knee joint.

What are the potential benefits of partial knee replacement?

Preservation of healthy tissue

Unlike total knee replacement, which involves removing healthy bone and tissue, partial knee replacement preserves the unaffected parts of the knee joint.

Faster recovery

Partial knee replacement is associated with shorter hospital stays, quicker recovery times, and less post-operative pain compared to total knee replacement.

Improved range of motion

Many patients experience improved range of motion and function in the affected knee joint following partial knee replacement, allowing them to resume normal activities with less discomfort.

What are the potential risks and complications?

While partial knee replacement is generally considered safe and effective, like any surgical procedure, it carries certain risks, including:

• Infection;
• Blood clots;
• Implant loosening or failure;
• Nerve or blood vessel damage;
• Persistent pain or stiffness in the knee joint.

Partial knee replacement is a surgical option for individuals with isolated knee arthritis affecting only one compartment of the knee joint. By replacing the damaged part of the knee only, this procedure aims to alleviate pain, improve function, and enhance quality of life for patients with osteoarthritis.

If you’re considering partial knee replacement or have been recommended for the procedure, consult with a qualified orthopaedic surgeon to discuss the potential benefits, risks, and expectations associated with the surgery.

If you require expert attention regarding partial knee replacement, arrange a consultation with Mr Andrews via his Top Doctors profile.