Understanding urinary tract infections: symptoms, treatment, and prevention strategies

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common health issue that affect millions of people each year. They can cause discomfort and, if left untreated, may lead to more serious complications. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options, you can better manage and prevent UTIs. Here to explain more, including common symptoms, causes and prevention methods is leading consultant gynaecologist and subspecialist urogynaecologist Mrs Monika Vij.

What are urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Urinary tract infections, commonly known as UTIs, occur when bacteria enter the urinary system and cause an infection. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters (the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder), and the urethra (the tube that allows urine to leave the body). UTIs most commonly affect the bladder and urethra, although infections can also reach the kidneys. Women tend to be more susceptible to UTIs due to their anatomy, but men can also experience these infections.

What are the common symptoms of UTIs?

One of the most obvious symptoms of a UTI is a burning sensation when urinating. Patients often describe it as a sharp or uncomfortable feeling when passing urine. Additionally, a person may feel the need to urinate frequently, even when there is little urine to pass. Cloudy, strong-smelling, or blood-tinged urine is also a typical sign.

Lower abdominal pain or pressure in the pelvic area may accompany the infection. In more severe cases where the infection has spread to the kidneys, symptoms can include back pain, fever, chills, and nausea. If you experience these more serious symptoms, seek medical attention immediately, as untreated kidney infections can lead to complications.

What causes UTIs?

The majority of UTIs are caused by bacteria, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common culprit. This bacterium normally lives in the intestines. However, when this bacterium gets into the urinary system, it can cause an infection. Poor hygiene, sexual activity, dehydration, and holding urine for long periods are some common factors that increase the risk of developing a UTI. In some cases, an underlying medical condition, such as diabetes or a weakened immune system, can make someone more susceptible to infection.

When should I see a doctor?

If you experience any symptoms of a UTI, it’s wise to consult a healthcare professional. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can stop the infection from worsening. Your doctor will likely request a urine sample to confirm the diagnosis. UTIs are generally treated with a course of antibiotics. It’s essential to complete the entire prescribed course, even if your symptoms subside, to ensure the infection is fully cleared.

For individuals with recurrent UTIs, further investigation might be needed to identify underlying issues. Your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as imaging studies or blood tests, to rule out other causes.

How can I prevent UTIs?

There are several ways to reduce your risk of developing a UTI. Staying well-hydrated is key, as drinking plenty of fluids helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract. It’s also important to urinate frequently and avoid holding urine for extended periods. For women, wiping from front to back after using the toilet helps prevent bacteria from entering the urethra. Additionally, urinating after sexual activity can help clear any bacteria that may have been introduced.

By understanding these symptoms and causes, patients can better recognise when they may be dealing with a UTI and take appropriate action. If you have concerns or ongoing symptoms, do not hesitate to speak with your healthcare provider.

If you are concerned about UTIs and would like to book a consultation with Mrs Vij, simply visit her Top Doctors profile today.