Vaginal prolapse: your commonly asked questions

Vaginal prolapse is a relatively common condition, affecting on in twelve women in the UK each year. Leading consultant obstetrician, gynaecologist and RCOG-accredited subspecialist urogynaecologist Professor Stergios Doumouchtsis answers your commonly asked questions about the condition.

What is vaginal prolapse?

Vaginal prolapse occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and tissues lose their strength and elasticity, causing the organs they support to sag or bulge into the vaginal space. Common types of vaginal prolapse include cystocele (bladder prolapse), rectocele (rectal prolapse), and uterine prolapse. The severity of the prolapse can vary, ranging from mild to more pronounced cases.

What causes vaginal prolapse?

Several factors contribute to the development of vaginal prolapse. Childbirth, especially multiple vaginal deliveries, is a significant risk factor, as the process can strain and weaken the pelvic floor muscles.

Vaginal prolapse can also be caused by the following factors:

• Ageing.
• Hormonal changes.
• Obesity.
• Chronic constipation.
• Furthermore, it can be provoked by conditions that increase abdominal pressure, such as heavy lifting and chronic coughing.

What are the signs and symptoms associated with vaginal prolapse?

Common symptoms of vaginal prolapse include:

• A sensation of fullness or pressure in the pelvic region
• A noticeable bulge or lump in the vagina
• Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse
• Difficulties with bowel movements or urinary function.

The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the type and extent of the prolapse.

Who is at risk for developing vaginal prolapse?

There are certain factors increase the risk of developing vaginal prolapse. Women who have undergone multiple vaginal childbirths, those in postmenopausal stages, and individuals with a family history of pelvic organ prolapse are at higher risk.

Additionally, lifestyle factors such as obesity, smoking, and chronic respiratory conditions can contribute to the likelihood of developing this condition.

What are the treatment options for vaginal prolapse?

Treatment options for vaginal prolapse range from conservative measures to surgical interventions. Conservative approaches may include pelvic floor exercises, lifestyle modifications, and the use of pessaries—devices inserted into the vagina to support the displaced organs.

In more severe cases, or when conservative measures are ineffective, surgical options like pelvic organ prolapse repair may be recommended to restore the normal anatomical position of the affected organs.

Can vaginal prolapse be prevented?

While certain risk factors for vaginal prolapse, such as childbirth and aging, are not preventable, there are measures individuals can take to reduce their risk.

Maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise, avoiding heavy lifting, and practicing good bowel habits can contribute to pelvic floor health. Additionally, engaging in pelvic floor exercises, especially during and after pregnancy, can help to strengthen the muscles and support structures.

If you would like to book a consultation with Professor Doumouchtsis, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today