What can cause chest pain?

Chest pain is a common yet concerning symptom that can result from various underlying conditions, ranging from minor issues to serious health concerns. Many people associate chest pain with heart-related issues, but it can also be due to problems with the lungs, muscles, digestive system, or even anxiety. Understanding the cause is critical, as prompt diagnosis and treatment can often prevent complications.

The heart is often the first concern with chest pain, as it may signal a heart attack, angina, or other cardiovascular issues. Heart attack pain is usually intense, with a sensation of pressure or squeezing that radiates to the arm, jaw, neck, or back.

Angina, caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, feels similar but tends to occur during physical exertion and eases with rest. Other heart-related causes include pericarditis (inflammation of the lining around the heart), aortic dissection (tear in the aorta), or mitral valve prolapse.

Non-cardiac causes of chest pain are also common. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or acid reflux can lead to a burning sensation that mimics heart pain, particularly after eating. Pulmonary conditions, like pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, or pleurisy, can cause sharp, stabbing pain that intensifies with breathing or coughing.

Additionally, muscular strain, especially from overuse or injury, can lead to localised chest pain, which worsens with movement or touch. Stress or anxiety-induced chest pain, often called a panic attack, may present similarly to a heart attack but generally subsides as stress decreases.

It's essential to take chest pain seriously, especially if accompanied by symptoms such as shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, dizziness, or radiating pain. These could indicate a life-threatening emergency, requiring immediate medical attention. However, if the pain is mild, localised, or related to specific activities, a non-emergency doctor’s visit may be appropriate.

If experiencing unexplained or recurring chest pain, consulting with a healthcare professional is essential. Diagnostic tests such as ECG, chest X-rays, or blood tests can help determine the cause and guide treatment. Recognising the symptoms and seeking timely care can make a significant difference in managing chest pain and ensuring overall health and safety.