What causes nasal polyps?

Nasal polyps are non-cancerous, soft, and painless growths that develop on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. These growths are often associated with conditions such as asthma, allergies, recurrent infections, or immune system disorders. Although nasal polyps can affect individuals of all ages, they are more common in adults, particularly those over the age of 40.

The exact cause of nasal polyps remains unclear, but they are believed to result from prolonged inflammation that affects the mucosal lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. This inflammation can lead to fluid buildup in the cells, causing swelling and the eventual formation of polyps.

Common symptoms of nasal polyps include persistent nasal congestion, difficulty breathing through the nose, a reduced sense of smell or taste, nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, and frequent sinus infections. In severe cases, polyps can block the nasal passages entirely, significantly affecting quality of life.

Diagnosis of nasal polyps typically involves a physical examination and may include additional imaging studies such as a CT scan or nasal endoscopy to assess the extent and location of the growths. Identifying underlying conditions like allergies or sinus infections is also crucial for effective management.

Treatment options for nasal polyps aim to reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and prevent recurrence. Medications such as corticosteroid nasal sprays, oral corticosteroids, or antihistamines are commonly used to shrink polyps and control inflammation.

In cases where medication proves ineffective, surgical removal of the polyps, often through minimally invasive endoscopic sinus surgery, may be necessary. However, even after successful treatment, nasal polyps can recur, making ongoing management and follow-up essential.

Preventing nasal polyps involves managing the underlying conditions that contribute to their formation. Regular use of saline nasal sprays or rinses, avoiding known allergens, and addressing respiratory infections promptly can help reduce the risk of recurrence. With appropriate treatment and preventive measures, individuals with nasal polyps can achieve significant relief from symptoms and maintain a better quality of life.