What conditions are treated in the field of gynae-endocrinology?

In this article below, highly regarded consultant in obstetrics and gynaecology, Dr Laura Ismail, walks us through gynae-endocrinology, including an outline of some common conditions treated in this specific medical field. 

What is meant by gynae-endocrinology?

Gynae-endocrinology is a specialized field that lies at the intersection of gynaecology and endocrinology, focusing on the hormonal regulation of the female reproductive system. This discipline addresses a wide range of conditions that affect women's reproductive health, from puberty through menopause.

The endocrine system, which includes glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, produces hormones that are vital for various bodily functions, including reproduction. In women, the ovaries play a crucial role by producing hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle, fertility, and pregnancy. Gynae-endocrinology examines how these hormones influence reproductive health and how imbalances can lead to disorders.

What conditions are treated in the field of gynae-endocrinology?

One of the most common conditions treated within this field is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal disorder that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is characterised by irregular menstrual cycles, excessive androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries.

It can lead to complications such as infertility, metabolic issues, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Gynae-endocrinologists provide tailored treatment plans that may include lifestyle changes, medications to regulate menstrual cycles, and fertility treatments.

Another significant area of gynae-endocrinology is the management of menopause, a natural phase in a woman's life marked by the cessation of menstruation. Hormonal changes during menopause can lead to symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is one of the treatments gynae-endocrinologists may recommend to alleviate symptoms and reduce long-term health risks.

Additionally, this field covers conditions like hypothalamic amenorrhea, thyroid disorders affecting menstrual health, and hyperprolactinemia, where elevated prolactin levels can cause menstrual irregularities and infertility.

Gynae-endocrinology is vital in providing a comprehensive approach to women's health, combining expertise in hormone regulation with an understanding of the female reproductive system. This integrated approach helps to diagnose, manage, and treat various conditions, improving the quality of life for many women.