What is acromial decompression?

Read on below to find out all about acromial decompression surgery, including the benefits, risks, and recovery time afterwards.

What is acromial decompression?

Acromial decompression, also known as subacromial decompression, is a surgical procedure commonly performed to treat shoulder impingement syndrome, a condition characterised by the compression or pinching of the tendons and soft tissues in the shoulder joint. This compression typically occurs beneath the acromion, a bony prominence at the top of the shoulder blade (scapula), resulting in pain, inflammation, and restricted range of motion in the shoulder.

What is the main aim of this surgery?

The goal of acromial decompression is to alleviate symptoms by creating more space within the subacromial space, and as a result, reducing pressure on the tendons and soft tissues in the shoulder joint. This is achieved by removing a small portion of the acromion and any associated bone spurs or irregularities that may be contributing to impingement.

How is acromial decompression performed?

The procedure is typically performed arthroscopically, using small incisions and specialised instruments inserted into the shoulder joint through narrow tubes called cannulas. This minimally invasive approach allows for greater precision and accuracy during the surgery, as well as faster recovery times and reduced risk of complications compared to traditional open surgery.

During the procedure, the surgeon first inserts a small camera, called an arthroscope, into the shoulder joint to visualise the structures inside. This allows the surgeon to identify any abnormalities, such as bone spurs or inflammation, that may be causing impingement. Next, specialised instruments are used to carefully remove a portion of the acromion and any other bony prominences that may be contributing to impingement.

What does recovery time entail?

Following acromial decompression, patients typically experience relief from symptoms such as pain, swelling, and restricted range of motion in the shoulder. Physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises are often prescribed to help restore strength, flexibility, and function to the shoulder joint and surrounding muscles.

What are the associated risks?

While acromial decompression is generally safe and effective for treating shoulder impingement syndrome, as with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks and complications to be aware of, including infection, bleeding, nerve injury, and failure to relieve symptoms. It is important for patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits of acromial decompression with their surgeon and to carefully follow post-operative instructions to optimize outcomes and minimise the risk of complications.