What is glue ear, and how it is treated?

Glue ear, also known as otitis media with effusion (OME), is a condition where the middle ear fills with a thick, sticky fluid. This fluid buildup can affect hearing and may lead to infections if not treated promptly.

Glue ear occurs when the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat, become blocked or do not function properly. This blockage prevents fluid from draining out of the middle ear, leading to fluid accumulation.

Common causes of glue ear include upper respiratory infections, allergies, and sinus infections. Children are more susceptible to glue ear due to their narrower and more horizontal Eustachian tubes. The primary symptom of glue ear is hearing loss, which can affect one or both ears.

This hearing loss may be temporary but can become chronic if the condition persists. Other symptoms include a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear, tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ear), and balance problems. In children, signs of glue ear might include difficulty hearing, inattentiveness, and speech or language delays.

Diagnosis of glue ear typically involves an ear examination using an otoscope, a device with a light and magnifying lens. This allows the doctor to see the fluid behind the eardrum. In some cases, a hearing test may be conducted to assess the extent of hearing loss. Treatment for glue ear varies depending on the severity and duration of the condition. Mild cases often resolve on their own without intervention.

However, if the condition persists, treatment options may include the use of nasal decongestants, antihistamines, or antibiotics if an infection is present. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. This can involve the insertion of grommets (tiny tubes) into the eardrum to allow fluid to drain and air to enter the middle ear.

Preventive measures include managing allergies, avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke, and ensuring good hygiene to reduce the risk of upper respiratory infections. Regular check-ups can help detect and manage glue ear early, preventing long-term complications. Understanding glue ear is crucial for early detection and effective management, ensuring better hearing health for both children and adults.