What to know about acute infections in children

Childhood acute infections are common, rapid-onset illnesses that affect children and usually present with sudden symptoms, such as fever, sore throat, vomiting, or diarrhoea. These infections are caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and are especially common in young children due to their developing immune systems.

Acute infections can vary in severity, with some illnesses resolving within days while others may require medical intervention to prevent complications. Timely diagnosis and management are essential for a swift recovery and to prevent the spread of infections among children and adults.

Common childhood acute infections

Among the most frequent childhood acute infections are respiratory infections like the common cold, influenza, and strep throat. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is another significant illness, particularly affecting young children and infants, which can lead to bronchiolitis or pneumonia in severe cases.

Gastrointestinal infections, such as rotavirus and norovirus, are also common and often lead to symptoms like diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. In addition to causing discomfort, these infections can result in dehydration, particularly in very young children, which requires close monitoring and may necessitate rehydration therapy.

Prevention

Prevention plays a crucial role in managing the spread of childhood acute infections. Good hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing, using hand sanitizers, and covering coughs and sneezes, can significantly reduce the transmission of germs.

Vaccination is also one of the most effective tools for preventing serious infections such as influenza, measles, and whooping cough, which can lead to severe complications in children. For certain infections, such as the flu, annual vaccination is recommended due to the virus’s evolving nature.

When managing acute infections, early intervention is key to relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Parents are encouraged to seek medical advice if a child exhibits high fever, prolonged symptoms, difficulty breathing, or dehydration.

In some cases, antibiotics may be necessary for bacterial infections, while antiviral or antifungal medications might be needed for viral or fungal causes. Pediatricians may also recommend supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to ease symptoms.