Wisdom teeth: when to keep them and when to let go

Wisdom teeth, or third molars, are the last set of teeth to develop, typically emerging in late adolescence or early adulthood. While some individuals have no issues with their wisdom teeth, others may experience complications that necessitate their removal.

Understanding when to keep them and when to let them go is essential for maintaining optimal oral health.

What are wisdom teeth?

Wisdom teeth are the final molars located at the back of the mouth. They usually appear between the ages of 17 and 25. Evolutionarily, they were useful for our ancestors who had a diet that included rougher food, which often led to tooth wear.

Today, due to changes in diet and dental care, many people do not have enough space in their mouths for these teeth, leading to potential problems.

Why do wisdom teeth cause problems?

There are several reasons why wisdom teeth may become problematic:

• Impaction: when there isn't enough space in the jaw, wisdom teeth may become trapped beneath the gums, leading to pain, infection, or damage to adjacent teeth.
• Crowding: even if a wisdom tooth emerges fully, it may push against neighbouring teeth, causing misalignment and discomfort.
• Cavities and gum disease: wisdom teeth are located at the back of the mouth, making them challenging to clean. This can result in cavities or gum disease.
• Cysts: in some cases, impacted wisdom teeth can lead to the formation of cysts, which can damage surrounding bone and teeth.

How do I know if my wisdom teeth need to be removed?

There are several signs that may indicate the need for wisdom tooth extraction:

• Pain or discomfort: if you experience persistent pain or swelling around your wisdom teeth, this may signal an issue that requires attention.
• Infection: frequent infections in the gums surrounding the wisdom teeth can necessitate removal.
• Crowding or misalignment: if your teeth begin to shift or overlap, it may be due to the presence of wisdom teeth.
• Cysts or tumours: any abnormal growths in the jaw area should be evaluated by a dental professional.

What should I do if I am experiencing symptoms?

If you suspect that your wisdom teeth are causing issues, it is essential to consult a dental professional. They will typically perform an examination and may take X-rays to assess the position of your wisdom teeth and determine whether extraction is necessary.

What are the benefits of removing wisdom teeth?

Removing problematic wisdom teeth can lead to several benefits, including:

• Pain relief: extraction can alleviate pain associated with impaction or infection.
• Preventing future problems: by removing wisdom teeth, you may reduce the risk of crowding, misalignment, and periodontal disease.
• Improved oral hygiene: with fewer teeth to clean, maintaining good oral hygiene can become easier.

Can wisdom teeth be kept?

In some cases, wisdom teeth can remain in the mouth without causing problems. If they are fully erupted, positioned correctly, and the patient can maintain good oral hygiene, they may be kept. Regular dental check-ups are crucial to monitor their condition.

Conclusion

Understanding when to keep or remove wisdom teeth is vital for oral health. While they can be beneficial if they emerge correctly and are well-cared for, many individuals face complications that necessitate their removal.

Regular dental visits will help you make informed decisions about your wisdom teeth and overall dental health.