Wrist injuries: What are the causes and how are they treated?

Wrist injuries are very common, and have a wide range of causes. The treatment for these injuries varies depending on the cause, severity and the structure of the wrist that is damaged. In his latest online article, renowned consultant orthopaedic surgeon Mr Dimitrios Karadaglis explains everything you need to know about these injuries.

What are common causes of wrist injuries and how can I prevent them?

Wrist injuries are very common. These injuries typically happen during sporting activities, traffic accidents, or as a result of wrist overuse. They are often seen in individuals who engage in repetitive movements during extended work hours.

Wrist injuries are common in sports like tennis or racket games, where injuries to tendons, ligaments, or small fractures in the wrist can easily develop. Gym-related injuries can also happen when individuals modify their workout routines and strain certain wrist structures.

Overuse activities commonly manifest as carpal tunnel syndrome or tendinopathies.

We also see many wrist injuries among cyclists, especially wrist fractures.

Treatment is typically required for these fractures. So, how can these injuries be prevented? Common sense plays a significant role. People should be aware of their bodies and the activities they engage in. If an activity causes pain, it's essential to stop it, as continuing such activities can worsen symptoms. It's crucial to avoid over-stressing or overexerting the wrist. Nowadays, various protective gear is available, including wrist supports and thumb supports. Additionally, skiing injuries are an important consideration in this context.

How do I know if I've injured my wrist, and when should I seek medical attention?

Wrist injuries are almost always painful. Swelling is uncommon but may be present. Deformities, while rare, can occur without significant pain. If you experience pain, swelling, or notice any deformity, consider it an injury. Typically, pain is the predominant symptom, and the initial step in treatment involves discontinuing activities that exacerbate pain or worsen symptoms.

In some cases, applying ice immediately after an injury can be soothing. If symptoms persist for over a week and interfere with daily activities, it's advisable to seek assistance from a physiotherapist. They will assess the wrist's condition and provide exercises to alleviate symptoms. If this isn't effective and symptoms persist for several weeks, the physiotherapist may refer you to a specialist for further evaluation and potential treatment.

What are some home remedies and exercises to alleviate wrist pain and promote healing?

Home remedies should be both medical and mechanical. Medically, rest and avoiding painful activities are crucial. Over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, available in tablet or cream form, can be used. Topical application is preferred to minimise stomach-related side effects and is often suitable for people with heart problems, as these medications can sometimes be contraindicated.

Additionally, there are braces and splints available from pharmacies and online, which can provide temporary immobilisation for the wrist, reducing pain. However, it's important not to overuse these supports, as prolonged reliance on them can lead to weakened wrist ligaments. Therefore, they should only be used for as long as necessary.

What types of wrist Injuries might require surgery, and what can be expected during the recovery process?

Surgery may be recommended for wrist injuries that result in anatomical abnormalities, such as a ruptured tendon, ligament, or broken bone. Acute surgery is necessary when there's a significant separation of tendon or ligament ends. The postoperative treatment plan depends on the specific operation.

For some procedures, early mobilisation is encouraged, while others require prolonged immobilisation, up to six weeks, as seen in certain fractures. Regardless of the type of surgery, immediate postoperative physiotherapy is highly recommended to prevent finger or elbow stiffness. The recovery process varies based on the injury, the patient's age, habits, and adherence to rehabilitation advice.

Are there any long-term consequences or complications associated with untreated wrist injuries?

Untreated wrist injuries often lead to issues that manifest after the injury. Scaphoid fractures that haven't healed or were not treated promptly can lead to long-term problems. Additionally, wrist injuries involving ligaments or cartilage may result in arthritis over time, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced joint function.

Indirectly, untreated wrist injuries can lead to finger stiffness due to the misuse of the wrist. Therefore, untreated wrist injuries can result in various complications, making timely and definitive treatment highly advisable. If symptoms persist without significant improvement for a few weeks, seeking help from a physiotherapist or a wrist specialist is essential.

Mr Dimitrios Karadaglis is a renowned consultant orthopaedic surgeon based in London. If you would like to book a consultation with Mr Karadaglis, you can do so today via his Top Doctors profile.