Radiotherapy for prostate cancer: what to know

Radiotherapy is a common and effective treatment for prostate cancer, utilising high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells. This treatment is typically considered for patients with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer, where the cancer is confined to the prostate or nearby tissues. Radiotherapy offers a non-invasive alternative to surgery and is often chosen based on factors like the stage of cancer, overall health, and patient preference.

There are two main types of radiotherapy used in prostate cancer treatment: external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy. Here to explain more is esteemed clinical oncologist, Professor Heather Byrne. 

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT)

EBRT is the most widely used form of radiotherapy for prostate cancer. It involves directing radiation beams at the prostate gland from outside the body using a machine called a linear accelerator. Advances in EBRT, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), have increased precision, minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissues like the bladder and rectum. Treatments are typically administered five days a week over several weeks.

Brachytherapy

Brachytherapy, or internal radiotherapy, involves placing radioactive seeds directly into or near the prostate gland. There are two types: low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy, where seeds release radiation over weeks or months, and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, where temporary sources deliver a high dose of radiation in a shorter period. Brachytherapy is highly effective for early-stage prostate cancer and can be combined with EBRT for more advanced cases.

Side effects of radiotherapy for prostate cancer can include urinary issues, bowel problems, and erectile dysfunction, though advancements in techniques have reduced these risks. Most side effects are temporary, but some may persist long-term, requiring management.

Radiotherapy offers a high cure rate for localized prostate cancer and can also be used in combination with hormone therapy for more advanced stages. Patients should discuss the benefits and potential side effects with their healthcare team to determine the best treatment plan tailored to their individual needs.