Sinusitis: Expert guidance on treatment methods and the most effective home remedies

When seeking treating sinusitis, it is essential to adhere to guidance specific to the type of sinus infection you are suffering from in order for it to be effective. We invited highly respected consultant ENT and head and neck surgeon Mr Priy Silva to share his expert insight on how different types of sinus infection are best treated and which home remedies can help to relieve uncomfortable symptoms associated with sinusitis.

How is sinusitis diagnosed?

The first step in making a diagnosis is usually a thorough discussion between doctor and patient about symptoms and a careful physical examination. Your ENT specialist may also perform a nasal endoscopy, which involves passing a thin, flexible tube with a fibre-optic light into the nose to inspect the inside of the sinuses.

You may also have some imaging studies performed. A CT or MRI scans can show details of your sinuses and nasal area, revealing abnormalities such as a deviated septum or polyps. If your doctor suspects that allergies might be contributing to your sinusitis, you might be referred for allergy tests.

What are the treatment options for sinusitis?

Acute sinusitis

Self-care:

The use of saline nasal sprays to help wash away irritants and mucus can be useful. It is also important to stay well hydrated as drinking plenty of water helps to thin mucous. Adequate rest will also be beneficial. Applying a warm cloth across the nose and forehead can help relieve sinus pressure, and help with symptom management.

Medications:

There are a few groups of medications which can be helpful in treating acute sinusitis.

• Nasal corticosteroids: nasal sprays which help prevent and treat inflammation, such as Fluticasone, Triamcinolone and Mometasone
• Decongestants, which help reduce swelling and improve sinus drainage, but should not be used for more than a few days as they can cause a rebound effect and worsen congestion
• Pain relievers, like paracetamol or ibuprofen can reduce pain and fever
• Antibiotics: If bacteria are the suspected cause, your doctor might prescribe antibiotics for 10-14 days, or longer for chronic sinusitis
• Antihistamines, which can be helpful if allergies are contributing to sinusitis

Surgery:

Usually not required for acute sinusitis unless it's found to be due to anatomical obstruction.

Chronic Sinusitis

Medications:

• Prolonged antibiotics, as sometimes a longer course is needed, from 3 to 4 weeks
• Nasal corticosteroids
• Oral or injected corticosteroids may be prescribed for severe cases, especially if polyps are present

Aspirin desensitisation treatment may be prescribed if the sinusitis is due to aspirin sensitivity. Under medical supervision, you might be gradually given larger doses to increase your tolerance.

Surgery:

Endoscopic sinus surgery is used to remove polyps or other obstructions. In this procedure, the surgeon inserts an endoscope into the sinus openings and removes obstructions. Alternatively, balloon catheter dilation, also known as balloon sinuplasty, it involves inflating a balloon to expand the sinus opening and drain the sinuses.

Other adjunctive treatments can include steam inhalation, avoiding known triggers, and keeping a humid environment to prevent dryness and irritation. Always consult with an ENT specialist to get the most suitable treatment tailored to your individual needs.

Which home remedies or strategies can help to prevent and manage sinusitis?

There are several home remedies and preventive measures that can help manage the symptoms of sinusitis and reduce the risk of its onset.

Saline rinse

Using a saline solution (salt water) can help to cleanse the nasal passages and remove mucus or allergens. Devices such as neti pots or squeeze bottles can be helpful for this purpose. Ensure the water is distilled or boiled and cooled, and always clean the device after each use.

Steam

Breathing in steam from a bowl of hot water can help reduce nasal congestion. Some people add eucalyptus oil for added benefit.

Warm compress

Applying a warm cloth to the face, particularly over the sinuses, can help reduce pain and pressure.

Stay hydrated

Drinking plenty of water helps to thin the mucus, making it easier to drain.

Humidifiers

Using a humidifier in your room can help keep the air moist, which can prevent sinus congestion.

Dietary changes

Foods rich in antioxidants and vitamin C, like fruits and vegetables, can help boost the immune system. On the other hand, dairy products might increase mucus production in some people, so observe how your body responds.


Preventative measures against sinusitis include:

• washing your hands frequently, especially during cold and flu season
• the use of nasal irrigation (regularly rinsing your nasal passages, especially after exposure to irritants)
• avoiding smoke and pollutants
• taking regular exercise
• eating a balanced diet
• getting adequate sleep
• keeping up with recommended vaccines

Always remember that while home remedies can be effective in managing the symptoms of sinusitis, it's essential to consult a doctor if you suspect you have sinusitis, especially if your symptoms are severe or prolonged. Your healthcare practitioner can provide a proper diagnosis and guide you on the best course of action going forwards.

To learn more about the different forms of sinusitis and their symptoms, read Mr Silva’s other article on sinus infections.

If you are troubled by respiratory symptoms or are struggling with recurrent sinusitis, you can schedule a consultation with Mr Silva by visiting his Top Doctors profile.