What is sinusitis and how is it treated?

Sinusitis is usually caused by a nasal infection, and is characterised by a swelling of the membrane that lines the sinuses. Sinusitis affects many people, and usually occurs as a result of another condition.

Sinusitis symptoms and causes

Sinusitis usually occurs after a common cold or flu. Typical sinusitis symptoms include:

• Pain and sensitivity around the eyes, forehead, and cheeks
• Blocked nose
• Reduced or loss of sense of smell
• Yellowish or greenish mucus from your nose
• Bad breath
• A sinus headache
• High temperature (38°C or more)
• Toothache

Symptoms of sinusitis in children may also include irritability, and difficulty breathing or eating.

Other possible causes of sinusitis include allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, and a deviated septum.

Types of sinusitis

There are four main types of sinusitis including:

• Acute sinusitis – begins with symptoms similar to the common cold such as runny nose, and typically lasts between 2 and 4 weeks
• Subacute sinus inflammation – lasts longer than acute sinusitis, between 4 and 12 weeks
• Recurrent sinusitis – keeps on coming back
• Chronic inflammation – can last 12 weeks or more

What does sinusitis treatment involve?

The type of sinusitis treatment recommended by a GP or specialist depends on the extent and severity of the symptoms. In many cases, if it’s just a standard sinus infection, it is likely the patient will be advised to use saline nasal washes or a decongestant. Over-the-counter decongestant should not be used for more than three days as this can cause further complications and even lead to chronic sinus problems.

Sometimes, antibiotics may be prescribed and will have to be taken for between 7 and 14 days. Sinusitis symptoms usually clear up during antibiotic treatment.

For people with chronic sinusitis, warm and moist air can work wonders. A vaporiser is a worthwhile investment or, if you are strapped for cash, inhaling steam from a bowl of hot water can also help.

Is surgery ever necessary?

In some cases of chronic sinusitis, surgery may be recommended as treatment. During functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the patient is put under general anaesthetic whilst the surgeon widens the sinuses allowing for better air flow.

Can I prevent sinusitis?

Although there is no specific method that guarantees sinusitis prevention, there are a number of measures one can take in order to reduce their chances of developing the condition. These include not smoking, washing hands frequently, and trying to avoid anything that triggers an allergic reaction.