Navigating partial knee replacement: a practical overview

If you are experiencing significant knee pain but still retain some healthy cartilage and bone, a partial knee replacement might be the ideal solution for you. This procedure offers several benefits compared to total knee replacement, such as a quicker recovery and less impact on the surrounding healthy tissue. Revered consultant trauma and orthopaedic surgeon Mr Amit Vats explores what partial knee replacement entails, its benefits, and what you can expect during recovery. 

What is a partial knee replacement?

Partial knee replacement, which can also be referred to as unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, is a procedure which involves surgically replacing the damaged portion of the knee. The knee is divided into three compartments: the medial (inside), the lateral (outside), and the patellofemoral (front) compartments. If your arthritis or injury is confined to just one of these compartments, a partial knee replacement can be an effective treatment.

During the procedure, the surgeon will extract the damaged cartilage and bone from the affected area and substitute them with metal and plastic components.

What are the main benefits of partial knee replacement?

One of the primary benefits of a partial knee replacement is that it preserves more of your natural knee compared to a total knee replacement. This can result in a more natural feeling post-surgery and better overall knee function. Additionally, because the procedure is less invasive, it typically involves a shorter hospital stay and a faster rehabilitation period. Patients often report experiencing less pain and a quicker return to normal activities.

Who is a candidate for partial knee replacement?

Candidates for partial knee replacement are usually individuals with osteoarthritis confined to a single compartment of the knee. Ideal candidates are those who have tried other treatments like medications or physical therapy without success. It's important to have good range of motion in the knee, relatively intact ligaments, and a stable knee joint.

The surgical procedure

Before the surgery, you will undergo a series of evaluations, including X-rays or an MRI, to determine the extent of the damage. The procedure itself generally takes about one to two hours and is performed under spinal or general anaesthesia. The surgeon will make a small incision over the knee, remove the damaged tissue, and replace it with new prosthetic components. After ensuring proper alignment and function, the incision is closed, and you are moved to recovery.

Recovery and rehabilitation

Recovery from partial knee replacement is typically faster than from a total knee replacement. You may be able to go home the same day or after a brief hospital stay. Physiotherapy will begin shortly after surgery to help regain strength and mobility. Most patients can resume normal activities, such as walking without assistance, within three to six weeks. However, full recovery may take up to three months.

What are the potential risks and complications?

As with any surgical procedure, partial knee replacement carries some risks. These can include infection, blood clots, or issues with the implant such as loosening or wear over time. However, these complications are relatively rare, and the majority of patients experience significant pain relief and improved knee function.

Is partial knee replacement right for you?

If you are considering partial knee replacement, consult with your orthopaedic surgeon to discuss your symptoms, treatment history, and overall health. Your surgeon can help determine if this procedure is the best option for relieving your knee pain and improving your quality of life.

If you would like to book a consultation with Mr Vats, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.