A thorough guide to knee joint replacement

Knee joint replacement surgery is a common and effective solution for individuals suffering from chronic knee pain or loss of function due to conditions like osteoarthritis. When conservative treatments fail to provide relief, this surgery can offer significant improvement in mobility and quality of life. For patients considering knee replacement, it is important to understand what the procedure involves, who may benefit, and what to expect during recovery.

Revered consultant  orthopaedic and traumatology surgeon Mr Andrew Edwards provides a thorough guide to the surgery.

What is knee joint replacement surgery?

Knee joint replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure designed to relieve pain and improve function in individuals with severe knee damage. This is often necessary when the knee joint has been affected by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or trauma, leading to pain, stiffness, and difficulty with everyday activities like walking or climbing stairs. During this procedure, damaged portions of the knee are removed and replaced with artificial components, typically made from metal and plastic, to restore smoother movement.

Who may require a knee joint replacement?

This procedure is often recommended for patients experiencing chronic knee pain that interferes with their quality of life, and who have not found relief through conservative treatments such as medication, physical therapy, or injections. Osteoarthritis, the most common reason for knee joint replacement, occurs when the protective cartilage in the knee wears down, causing bones to rub together, leading to pain and swelling. While knee replacement is more common in older adults, particularly those over the age of 60, younger patients may also require the surgery if their condition is severe.

What happens during the surgery?

Knee replacement surgery typically lasts one to two hours and is performed under spinal or general anaesthesia. The surgeon begins by making an incision over the knee to access the joint. The damaged surfaces of the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), and sometimes the patella (kneecap) are carefully removed. These areas are then resurfaced and fitted with prosthetic components, which mimic the function of a natural knee joint.

These components are cemented into place using a specially developed bone cement containing antibiotics. After the new joint is secured, the incision is closed with stitches or staples, and the knee is bandaged.

What can you expect after surgery?

Recovery from knee joint replacement varies between individuals, but most patients stay in the hospital for a few days after surgery. Early movement of the knee is essential for optimal healing. You will likely start physiotherapy within 24 hours to strengthen the muscles around the new joint and regain your range of motion. It is common to use assistive devices such as crutches or a walker for the first few weeks.

Pain management will also be a key focus during recovery, with medications prescribed to manage post-operative discomfort. Many patients can return to normal activities, including walking and driving, within 6 to 12 weeks, but full recovery can take up to a year.

Are there any risks involved?

As with any surgery, knee joint replacement carries some risks. Complications may include infection, blood clots, or issues with the prosthetic joint, such as loosening or wear over time. However, these risks are relatively low, and the majority of patients experience significant improvements in pain relief and mobility after the procedure. It is crucial to follow your surgeon’s recommendations for post-operative care to minimise the chances of complications.

Knee joint replacement can be life-changing for those suffering from chronic knee pain, offering long-term relief and improved quality of life. Always discuss the potential benefits and risks with your doctor to make an informed decision about your treatment options.

If you are considering knee joint replacement and would like to book a consultation with Mr Edwards, simply visit his Top Doctors profile today.