ADHD and ASD: Differences, similarities and co-occurrence

Written in association with: Dr Simmi Sachdeva-Mohan
Published: | Updated: 17/04/2024
Edited by: Karolyn Judge

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental conditions that can affect individuals differently. In this informative article, leading consultant psychiatrist Dr Simmi Sachdeva-Mohan discusses the similarities, differences, and co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD.

ADHD and ASD can occur separately or co-exisit

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning and development. Individuals with ADHD may struggle with tasks that require sustained attention, organization, and impulse control.

 

 

What is ASD?

ASD is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviours or restricted interests. It encompasses a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, and can significantly impact an individual's ability to navigate social situations and understand social cues.

 

 

Can you have both ADHD and ASD?

Yes, it’s possible for individuals to have both ADHD and ASD, and this co-occurrence is relatively common. Research suggests that between 30 to 80 per cent of individuals with ASD also meet the criteria for ADHD. However, it's important to note that having one condition does not necessarily mean that an individual will have the other.

 

 

What are the similarities between ADHD and ASD?

ADHD and ASD share some common features, including:

Executive function difficulties

Both ADHD and ASD can affect executive functions such as working memory, organisation, and planning.

Social challenges

Individuals with both ADHD and ASD may struggle with social interactions, understanding social cues, and maintaining friendships.

Repetitive behaviours

While repetitive behaviours are a hallmark feature of ASD, they can also be present in individuals with ADHD, albeit to a lesser extent.

 

 

What are the differences between ADHD and ASD?

Although ADHD and ASD share some similarities, they also have distinct features:

Core symptoms

The core symptoms of ADHD primarily involve difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, whereas the core symptoms of ASD involve challenges with social communication and interaction, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviours.

 

Onset and presentation

ADHD symptoms typically manifest in early childhood and are often recognised by caregivers and teachers due to difficulties in school performance and behaviour. In contrast, the symptoms of ASD may be less apparent in early childhood and may become more noticeable as social demands increase.

 

How are ADHD and ASD diagnosed?

The diagnosis of ADHD and ASD involves a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or developmental paediatrician. This evaluation may include:

  • Clinical interviews: Gathering information from the individual, parents, caregivers, and teachers about the individual's symptoms and developmental history.
  • Behavioural observations: Observing the individual's behaviour in different settings to assess for symptoms related to ADHD and ASD.
  • Psychological testing: Administering standardised assessments to evaluate cognitive functioning, attention, executive function, and social skills.

 

What are the treatment options for individuals with ADHD and ASD?

Treatment for ADHD and ASD typically involves a multimodal approach tailored to the individual's specific needs and symptoms. This may include:

Behavioural interventions

Teaching strategies to improve organisation, time management, social skills, and emotional regulation.

Medication

Prescription medications such as stimulants (for ADHD) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (for ASD-related symptoms) may be recommended to help manage symptoms.

Educational support

Implementing accommodations and supports in school or work settings to address learning difficulties and promote success.

 

 

How important is to know the difference between ADHD and ASD?

ADHD and ASD are distinct neurodevelopmental conditions, they can co-occur in some individuals. Understanding the similarities, differences, and diagnostic process for ADHD and ASD can help individuals and their families navigate the challenges associated with these conditions and access appropriate support and treatment.

 

 

 

Concerned about ADHDASD or both conditions co-occurring? Arrange a consultation with Dr Sachdeva-Mohan via her Top Doctors profile.

By Dr Simmi Sachdeva-Mohan
Psychiatry

Dr Simmi Sachdeva-Mohan is an esteemed consultant psychiatrist based in central London. She specialises in ADHD, bipolar disorder and anxiety, as well as depression, post-traumatic disorder (PTSD), and postpartum depression. She privately privately practises at the Brain Health Clinic and has significant NHS experience. 

Dr Sachdeva-Mohan has numerous qualifications including a FRCP and certifications in ADHD assessment and management, DBT, and dual diagnosis. Her academic achievements include a diploma in Management and several prestigious awards during her medical training, including a Gold Medal in MD Psychiatry.

Dr Sachdeva-Mohan is committed to delivering high-quality care to her patients. She has extensive experience in working with mentally ill offenders, individuals with learning disabilities, and those with complex psychiatric conditions. Her expertise in clinical risk assessment and psychiatric management is underscored by her comprehensive training and academic background.

In addition to her clinical work, Dr Sachdeva-Mohan is actively involved in teaching and training the next generation of healthcare professionals. She has served as an educational supervisor for psychiatry trainees and has contributed to various training programs and courses. She also mentors A-level students interested in pursuing a career in psychiatry.

Dr Sachdeva-Mohan has played key roles in implementing quality improvement measures, developing care pathways, and participating in audits to ensure service excellence. Furthermore, she is a member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

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