All about robotic surgery for colorectal cancer

Robotic surgery has transformed the treatment of colorectal cancer, offering a minimally invasive approach that enhances precision, reduces recovery time and improves patient outcomes. This advanced technique allows surgeons to perform complex procedures with greater accuracy and control than traditional open or laparoscopic surgery.

What is robotic surgery for colorectal cancer?

Robotic-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer involves the use of a robotic surgical system, typically the da Vinci® system, which is controlled by a surgeon. The system includes:

• A console where the surgeon operates the robotic arms
• Small, precise instruments that mimic hand movements
• A high-definition 3D camera providing a magnified view of the surgical area

This technology allows for greater precision, improved dexterity and better visualisation, making it particularly beneficial for procedures involving the rectum and lower colon.

What are the advantages of robotic colorectal surgery?

Compared to open surgery and laparoscopic techniques, robotic surgery offers several benefits:

• Smaller incisions, leading to less postoperative pain.
• Greater precision, reducing the risk of damage to surrounding tissues.
• Lower blood loss and reduced need for transfusions.
• Faster recovery times and shorter hospital stays.
• Lower risk of complications such as infections or hernias.
• Better preservation of nerve function, which is crucial for bowel, bladder, and sexual function after rectal cancer surgery.

What happens during robotic-assisted colorectal surgery?

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Preparation: The patient is given general anaesthesia.
2. Incisions: Small incisions are made in the abdomen to insert robotic arms and a camera.
3. Surgical resection: The surgeon controls the robotic instruments to remove the cancerous section of the colon or rectum.
4. Reconnection: The remaining healthy sections of the bowel are reconnected where possible.
5. Completion: The instruments are removed, and the incisions are closed.

Who is a candidate for robotic colorectal surgery?

Patients with early-stage or locally advanced colorectal cancer may be suitable for robotic surgery. However, some cases, such as those with extensive tumour spread or previous major abdominal surgery, may require alternative surgical approaches. The decision depends on factors like tumour location, patient health and surgeon expertise.

What is recovery like after robotic colorectal surgery?

• Most patients leave the hospital within a few days.
• Pain is usually less severe compared to open surgery.
• Patients can return to normal activities more quickly, often within a few weeks.
• A temporary change in bowel habits is common but usually improves over time.

Robotic surgery is an advanced, minimally invasive option for treating colorectal cancer, offering greater precision, faster recovery and reduced complications compared to traditional methods. While not suitable for all cases, it provides an excellent option for many patients, improving surgical outcomes and post-treatment quality of life. Consulting a colorectal specialist can help determine the most suitable surgical approach.