All about the importance of bowel cancer screening

Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a common cancer that develops in the colon or rectum. It's particularly prevalent in people over the age of 50, with risk factors including a family history of the disease, a diet high in red or processed meats, and lifestyle habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and sedentary behaviour.

Symptoms to watch out for

Recognising symptoms early can be challenging, as bowel cancer often begins with subtle signs like changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal discomfort, or rectal bleeding. Since these symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions, screening plays a crucial role in early detection and successful treatment.

Bowel cancer screening

Bowel cancer screening is a proactive measure designed to detect the disease at an early stage, sometimes even before symptoms appear. In the UK and many other countries, bowel cancer screening typically begins at age 50-60, with intervals depending on local guidelines and individual risk factors.

The most common methods of screening include the Foecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) and colonoscopy. FIT is a non-invasive test that checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early indicator of bowel cancer. A positive FIT test result usually leads to a follow-up colonoscopy, a procedure that allows a specialist to examine the colon directly for any signs of abnormal growths or polyps that could indicate cancer.

Early detection through screening is associated with significantly better treatment outcomes, as bowel cancer is often more treatable in its initial stages. If detected early, the survival rate can be as high as 90%. Regular screening also allows for the removal of precancerous polyps, reducing the risk of the polyps developing into cancer over time.

For individuals at higher risk due to family history or genetic factors, more frequent screenings or beginning screenings earlier may be recommended. Participating in bowel cancer screening is an essential step in managing health proactively, particularly for those at average or elevated risk.

By increasing awareness of bowel cancer and encouraging routine screenings, the likelihood of early detection and effective treatment continues to improve, contributing to overall reduced mortality rates for this serious but preventable disease.