An all-you-need-to-know guide on microsurgery

Written in association with: Mr Ruben Kannan
Published: | Updated: 25/07/2023
Edited by: Conor Lynch

In this article here, Mr Ruben Kannan, a distinguished consultant plastic surgeon, describes in detail what microsurgery is, how it is performed, and how it differs from laparoscopic surgery.

What is microsurgery?

Microsurgery is defined as a surgery which involves attaching very, very small structures (less than three millimetres). Super microsurgery is surgery whereby extremely small structures are attached (right down to 0.3 millimetres).

 

What is involved in microsurgery procedures?

It involves the art of going down to every single little nerve and attaching it to the structure in order to achieve the best possible result. This involves the use of very fine equipment, including microscopes.

 

What conditions is microsurgery used to treat?

Microsurgery can be utilised to treat any condition. Essentially, it is used to rebuild and reconstruct the face or any part of the body, but primarily the face. For example, if someone has had open-heart surgery and they have a wound in the chest that is not healing, you can take a piece of tissue from another part of the body and attach it very minutely to reconstruct and rebuild the chest.

 

Another example is if someone has their hand or finger accidentally partially chopped off, we can rebuild and reconstruct the hand again for the individual through microsurgery.

 

What are the most common microsurgery procedures?

The most common procedure is what we call a free tissue transfer, which means that you transfer nerves or skin from one part of the body to another part. A common example of this is after breast reconstruction surgery, you can carry out a tummy tuck and take the skin from the tummy and transfer it to the breast area. Facial reconstructions are other examples of microsurgery.

 

What is the difference between microsurgery and laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy is keyhole surgery, whereas microsurgery is operated under the microscope. Laparoscopic surgery works by putting cameras through small holes. Microsurgery involves using microscopes to go right down to repair them in very high definition.

 

Mr Ruben Kannan is a highly revered consultant plastic surgeon who is an expert when it comes to performing microsurgery. Book a consultation with him today via his Top Doctors profile. 

By Mr Ruben Kannan
Plastic surgery

Mr Ruben Kannan is an award-winning consultant plastic surgeon, with additional qualifications in head & neck surgery and legal medicine. He is based in East Grinstead (Sussex) and Seven Oaks (Kent) and is recognised as one of the global leaders in the field of facial palsy. After graduating from the prestigious Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore with a scholarship, he undertook his basic surgical training at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and went on to complete on a PhD in Nanotechnology at University College London, where his work contributed to research that led to the world's first synthetic organ transplant. Following his training as a plastic surgeon in the UK, he then completed his advanced training in facial palsy, supermicrosurgery and migraine surgery at the St Andrew’s Centre (UK), Japan and the US respectively. Mr Kannan consults and practices at 7 different clinics and offers different treatments at each specific clinic namely.

Mr Kannan now specialises in facial reanimationsupermicro surgery and Bell's palsy surgery alongside the management of skin cancer and aesthetic surgery. His niche includes surgery for synkinesis (selective neurolysis), pain/secondary migraine management in Bell’s palsy as well as the use of the snail flap to rebuild the scalp without skin graft, thereby preserving hair-bearing scalp during skin cancer surgery. This technique won the best world-wide video article of the premier PRS Global Open journal in 2021, awarded by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and has revolutionised scalp reconstruction.
 
Mr Kannan practices privately at the McIndoe Centre in East Grinstead, as well as the Amherst Medical and Borough Green Medical Practices, under the auspices of Kent Integrated Dermatology Services (KIDS). His NHS base is the world-famous Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (QVH] in East Grinstead, where he is part of the largest facial palsy unit in the UK.

Mr Kannan treats the most difficult and complex Bell's palsy cases in the country and is a strong proponent that early treatment in Bell’s palsy leads to better outcomes. In 2018, he jointly performed the world's first free functioning muscle transfer for chewing function at QVH. His clinical work has also been published in numerous peer-reviewed journals and he is regularly invited to share his work both on the national and international stages. Mr Kannan also has numerous awards and prizes to his name such as the joint winner of the International Microsurgery Club’s best-case competition as well as being a twice finalist at the World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery Best Case competitions in 2019 and 2021.  While he has built an impressive career so far, he continues to push the boundaries for the betterment of his patients. He is also an accredited member of the Sir Charles Bell Society (Facial Palsy), World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (WSRM), American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (ASRM) and the British Lymphology Society (BLS).

Mr Kannan's leadership qualities are also reflected in his roles in various public organisations. He is a medical advisory board member for Facial Palsy UK, founder and member of the UK Cranial Nerve Network and expert on the International Microsurgery Club's panel, while also a council member of the plastic surgery section of the Royal Society of Medicine. In addition, he runs the McLaughlin Prize and Fellowship programmes at QVH, East Grinstead with trainees coming from the world over as well as the prestigious TIG fellowship in head & neck surgery for UK trainees. As per his expertise, Mr Kannan functions as a professional expert witness for medico-legal cases relating to facial nerve injuries after accidents and surgery.

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