Exploring bronchoscopy: A guide to the procedure

Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that allows physicians to examine the airways of the lungs, providing valuable diagnostic and therapeutic insights into respiratory conditions. This minimally invasive technique has revolutionised the field of pulmonology, offering a window into the intricate network of bronchi and bronchioles.

In his latest online article, Dr Marcus Pittman delves into the various aspects of bronchoscopy, its applications, procedure, and the significance it holds in the realm of respiratory medicine.

Understanding bronchoscopy:

Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a thin, flexible tube called a bronchoscope into the lungs through the nose or mouth. The bronchoscope is equipped with a light and a small camera, allowing the physician to visualise the airways and structures within the lungs in real-time. The procedure can be performed for diagnostic purposes, such as identifying abnormalities, obtaining tissue samples, and assessing lung function, as well as for therapeutic interventions.

Applications of bronchoscopy:

Diagnostic evaluation:  Bronchoscopy plays a crucial role in diagnosing various respiratory disorders, including lung cancer, infections, and inflammatory lung diseases.

Tissue biopsy: Physicians can collect tissue samples (biopsies) during bronchoscopy for further examination, aiding in the confirmation of suspected lung diseases.

Therapeutic interventions:

Tumour removal: Bronchoscopy allows for the removal of small tumours or obstructions within the airways.

Stent placement: In cases of airway narrowing or blockage, bronchoscopy can be used to place stents, which are devices that help keep the airways open.

Laser therapy: Bronchoscopy facilitates the use of laser therapy to remove abnormal tissue growth or lesions.

The bronchoscopy procedure:

Preparation: Patients may be instructed to fast for a certain period before the procedure. Anaesthesia or sedation is often administered to ensure comfort during the examination.

Insertion of the bronchoscope: The bronchoscope is carefully inserted through the nose or mouth and guided into the trachea and bronchi.

Visualisation and examination: The physician visually examines the airways and may perform various procedures, such as taking biopsies or collecting fluid samples.

Post-procedure care: After the bronchoscopy, patients are monitored for a brief period to ensure there are no complications. Some individuals may experience mild throat discomfort or coughing after the procedure.

Bronchoscopy stands as a vital tool in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. Its ability to provide a direct view of the lungs and perform interventions with minimal invasiveness has made it an indispensable technique in pulmonology. As technology continues to advance, bronchoscopy continues to evolve, offering new possibilities for understanding and managing a wide range of respiratory conditions.

Dr Marcus Pittman is an esteemed respiratory physician with over 20 years of experience. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Pittman on his Top Doctors profile.