FAQs on trigger finger

Leading consultant orthopaedic surgeon Mr Stephen Lipscombe tells us all about trigger finger, its symptoms, causes and treatment option in this informative article.

What is trigger finger?

Trigger finger, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that affects the tendons in the fingers or thumb. It occurs when the tendon sheath, which houses the tendon, becomes inflamed and narrows. This inflammation can cause the tendon to catch or lock when the finger is bent or straightened, leading to a clicking sensation or the finger becoming stuck in a bent position.

What are the symptoms of trigger finger?

The primary symptoms of trigger finger include:

• A clicking or popping sensation when moving the finger;
• Stiffness, particularly in the morning;
• A tender lump at the base of the affected finger or thumb;
• Pain when bending or straightening the finger;
• The finger locking in a bent position, which may suddenly pop straight.

These symptoms can range from mild to severe and can affect one or more fingers simultaneously.

What causes trigger finger?

Trigger finger is caused by inflammation within the tendon sheath, which restricts the smooth movement of the tendon. While the exact cause of this inflammation is often unknown, several factors can increase the risk of developing trigger finger, including:

• Repetitive gripping or grasping activities;
• Underlying health conditions such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis;
• Ageing, with a higher incidence in individuals between 40 and 60 years old;
• Gender, with women being more likely to develop the condition than men.

How is trigger finger diagnosed?

A diagnosis of trigger finger is typically made based on a physical examination and the patient’s symptoms. During the examination, the doctor will:

• Ask about the patient’s symptoms and medical history
• Examine the hand and fingers for tenderness, swelling and clicking sensations
• Assess the range of motion and locking of the affected finger.

In most cases, further tests such as X-rays or ultrasound are not necessary unless there is suspicion of other underlying conditions.

What are the treatment options for trigger finger?

Treatment for trigger finger aims to reduce inflammation, relieve pain and restore normal finger movement. The treatment options vary based on the severity of the condition and the patient's response to initial therapies.

Non-surgical treatments

• Rest and activity modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate the symptoms can help reduce inflammation.
• Splinting: Wearing a splint to keep the affected finger straight can relieve symptoms, especially when worn at night.
• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Steroid injections: Corticosteroid injections into the tendon sheath can reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in many patients.

Surgical treatments

If non-surgical treatments are ineffective, surgery may be necessary. The surgical procedure, known as trigger finger release, involves:

• Making a small incision in the palm to access the tendon sheath
• Cutting the sheath to widen it and allow the tendon to move freely

This procedure is typically performed under local anaesthesia and has a high success rate, with most patients experiencing significant relief and improved finger function.

What is the recovery process like?

Recovery from trigger finger surgery is generally quick, with many patients returning to normal activities within a few weeks. Post-surgery, patients may be advised to:

• Perform gentle finger exercises to maintain range of motion
• Avoid heavy use of the hand until fully healed
• Follow up with their doctor to monitor recovery progress

Trigger finger is a common condition that can significantly impact hand function and quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, whether non-surgical or surgical, can effectively alleviate symptoms and restore normal finger movement. Patients experiencing symptoms of trigger finger should consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action tailored to their needs.

Arrange a consultation with Mr Lipscombe via his Top Doctor profile, today.