Food allergies in children: a parent's guide

Leading consultant paediatric allergist Dr Michael Perkin provides a guide for parents who are concerned about their child’s food allergies, providing insights, tips, and guidance to help them to navigate this complex issue.

What are food allergies?

Food allergies occur when the body's immune system reacts adversely to certain proteins found in food. This reaction can range from mild to severe and may manifest as skin rashes, gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory issues, or even anaphylaxis—a life-threatening allergic reaction.

Common food allergens

Several foods are known to trigger allergic reactions in children. These include nuts, eggs, milk, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. It's essential for parents to be vigilant and aware of the ingredients in the foods their children consume, especially when introducing new foods into their diet.

Recognising symptoms

Recognising the symptoms of a food allergy is crucial for prompt intervention. Symptoms can vary widely but may include hives, swelling of the face or lips, vomiting, diarrhoea, coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing. If you suspect your child is having an allergic reaction, seek medical assistance immediately.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing food allergies often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These may include skin prick tests, blood tests for specific antibodies, or oral food challenges conducted under medical supervision.

Management and treatment

Once a food allergy is diagnosed, the primary treatment involves strict avoidance of the allergenic food. Parents should carefully read food labels, communicate with caregivers and schools about their child's allergies, and be prepared to administer emergency medication, such as an adrenaline auto-injector (commonly known as an EpiPen), if necessary.

Allergy action plan

Creating an allergy action plan in collaboration with your child's doctor is essential. This plan outlines steps to be taken in case of an allergic reaction and provides guidance on when to administer medication and seek emergency medical assistance.

Educating others

Educating family members, teachers, and other caregivers about your child's food allergies is crucial. Ensure they understand the seriousness of the condition, recognise the signs of an allergic reaction, and know how to respond appropriately.

Seeking support

Living with a child with food allergies can be challenging, both emotionally and practically. Seek support from doctors, support groups, and online communities to connect with others facing similar challenges and share experiences and advice.

Food allergies in children require careful management and vigilance on the part of parents and caregivers. By understanding the nature of food allergies, recognising symptoms, implementing appropriate management strategies, and seeking support, parents can help their children live healthy and fulfilling lives despite their allergies.

If you are concerned about your child’s food allergies and would like to book a consultation with Dr Perkin, simply visit his Top Doctors profile today.