How serious is testicular cancer?

Written in association with: Professor Prabhakar Rajan
Published: | Updated: 29/10/2024
Edited by: Karolyn Judge

Testicular cancer is the commonest cancer in young adult men (aged between 20-40 years) that affects the testes, the male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. While the diagnosis of any cancer can be alarming, testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer, especially when detected early. The survival rates for testicular cancer can be very high, with many patients making a full recovery, including cases where the cancer has spread beyond the testis. Leading consultant urologist Professor Prabhakar Rajan provides an expert look at this important topic. 

 

Man who has been treated for testicular cancer.

 

Why is testicular cancer serious?

Potential to spread: Like many cancers, testicular cancer can spread (metastasise) to other parts of the body if not identified early and treated promptly. It can spread to lymph nodes in the abdomen (tummy), the lungs, or other organs, making treatment more complex and worsening survival rates.

 

Young men are often affected: Testicular cancer most commonly affects men between the ages of 15 and 49. For young men, a cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment can have a significant impact on their physical and emotional health, fertility, and overall life trajectory.

 

Fertility concerns: Testicular cancer and its treatment (such as surgery or chemotherapy) can affect fertility. Many men are able to preserve their fertility by banking sperm before treatment.

 

 

Why is it highly treatable?

High cure rate: Even in instances where testicular cancer has spread, treatment with chemotherapy, surgery or radiotherapy can be very effective. The overall survival rate is more than 95%, and for early-stage testicular cancer, it's closer to 99%.

 

Responds well to treatment: Testicular cancer typically responds very well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, and most men who undergo treatment go on to live healthy lives.

 

 

Importance of early detection

Like many cancers, early detection is key to successfully treatment and improving survival. Young men are encouraged to perform regular self-examinations of their testes to check for lumps, swelling, or changes in shape or size. If any unusual changes are noticed, it is essential to seek medical advice promptly.

 

In summary, while testicular cancer is serious, in many cases it is highly treatable and has excellent survival rates, particularly when detected early. Regular self-examination and awareness of symptoms play a crucial role in early detection and treatment success.

 

 

 

Arrange a consultation with Mr Rajan via his Top Doctors profile

By Professor Prabhakar Rajan
Urology

Professor Prabhakar Rajan is a leading consultant urological and robotic surgeon based in London, UK.  He treats patients with general urological conditions such as foreskin problems, scrotal swelling, prostatitis, bladder problems, and blood in the urine.  He specialises in PSA testing, prostate MRI, prostate cancer, robotic surgery, prostatectomy, and testicular cancer. Professor Rajan is dedicated to improving outcomes of patients after robotic surgery and uses nerve-sparing (including NeuroSAFE frozen section) and Retzius-sparing (continence sparing) techniques. He consults at Nuffield Health at St Bartholomew's and The Holly Hospitals, HCA UK Canary Wharf and City of London Outpatients (120 Old Broad Street).

After graduation from the University of Cambridge, Professor Rajan pursued surgical training in the East of Scotland, where he developed an interest in urology. Subsequently, he undertook a full-time PhD in Prostate Cancer Biology at Newcastle University, funded by a prestigious Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship. His research focused on the genetic underpinnings of prostate cancer, laying the foundations for his future work in the field.

Following his PhD, Professor Rajan completed urology training in the West of Scotland, focussing on complex urological cancer surgery.  In parallel, he continued his research as a Clinical Lecturer at the University of Glasgow and the Cancer Research UK (CR-UK) Beatson Institute. His innovative work earned him the distinction of being the first urologist in Scotland to receive the Royal College of Surgeons of England/CR-UK Clinician Scientist Fellowship in Surgery.

Professor Rajan further honed his expertise with an internationally-renowned clinical and research fellowship in robotic prostate cancer surgery at the Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Upon his return to the UK, he was appointed as a Consultant Urologist within NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK. In 2015, he was recruited by Barts Health and University College London Hospitals NHS Trusts in London, where he specialises in robotic surgery for prostate cancer.

Professor Rajan holds the Chair of Urology and Robotic Surgery at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), where he leads a world-renowned research group at the Barts Cancer Institute. His research focuses on discovering new drugs for prostate cancer in the laboratory, and finding treatments for prostate and testis cancers with less side effects through clinical trials. Professor Rajan is a member of several national committees where he contributes to shaping the future of UK urological cancer care.

Professor Rajan is deeply committed to undergraduate and postgraduate medical education.  He has introduced robotic surgery training into the undergraduate medical curriculum and is Director of the internationally-renowned “Scientific Basis of Urology Course” at QMUL.  He is a passionate surgical trainer, and several surgeons who have undertaken fellowships under his mentorship have subsequently gone on to obtain prestigious consultant positions in international centres of excellence.

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