Insights into glaucoma

Glaucoma, is a serious eye condition characterised by damage to the optic nerve caused by elevated pressure around it. In her latest online article, Dr Olubunmi Ogunleye aims to provide insights into the various aspects of glaucoma, from its causes and risk factors to symptoms and available treatment options.

What is glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a condition that results in harm to the optic nerve, responsible for vision, due to increased pressure around the nerve. In some cases, range to the optic nerve occurs with a ‘normal’ eye pressure for reasons that are not fully known to us. 

Who is most at risk of getting glaucoma?

For individuals aged 60 and above, we strongly advise undergoing glaucoma screening. If there's a family history of glaucoma, it's advisable to initiate screenings earlier, preferably around the age of 40, due to an elevated risk. Certain groups, such as those with African, Hispanic, or Asian heritage, face an increased risk of glaucoma. Additionally, individuals who have experienced eye injuries, undergone multiple surgeries (especially vitrectomy), or use steroids in various forms, including creams or eye drops, also have a heightened risk. Patients with conditions like diabetes or sickle cell disease fall into categories with an elevated risk of glaucoma. Regardless of age, regular eye check-ups are recommended for individuals in these higher-risk groups.

What are the symptoms of glaucoma?

Glaucoma typically develops so gradually that most individuals remain unaware of any symptoms. When symptoms like patchy vision or tunnel vision finally become noticeable, it often indicates an advanced stage of the disease. Referred to as "The Silent Thief in the Night," glaucoma emphasises the importance of early screening, well before symptoms manifest. While certain types, such as acute angle closure glaucoma, may present with a red, painful eye and blurred vision, or pigmentary glaucoma may show intermittent blurring after exercise or halos around lights, it's crucial to remember that the majority of glaucoma cases exhibit no symptoms. Early screening is key to detecting and managing the condition.

Can glaucoma be reversed?

Once glaucoma has developed, it cannot be reversed. However, by identifying early or impending signs of the disease, we can take preventive measures to either halt its progression or prevent it from occurring altogether. Regular eye screenings are crucial for this reason, as they enable timely detection and intervention in managing glaucoma.

How is glaucoma treated?

Glaucoma is typically addressed through the use of eye drops, which may involve a single drop or a combination of drops. This approach proves effective for the vast majority of individuals. Additionally, laser treatment is an option for both open and narrow-angle glaucoma. In situations where laser treatment is ineffective or unsuitable, various surgical techniques, ranging from microsurgery to more advanced procedures, can be considered.

Dr Olubunmi Ogunleye is an esteemed ophthalmologist. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Ogunleye on her Top Doctors profile.