Maternal mental health: What new mothers need to know

For many women, the mental, emotional, and physical changes that occur during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period can be overwhelming. In some cases, these changes can lead to a range of maternal mental health challenges that affect not only the mother, but also her baby and family. Ms Charlotte Deans, renowned consultant obstetrician, provides an expert insight.

What is maternal mental health?

Maternal mental health refers to the emotional and psychological states of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. This period of life, which includes both the nine months of pregnancy and the first year after childbirth, is marked by considerable physical, emotional, and psychological changes that, while natural, can sometimes lead to mental health challenges.

Among the most common maternal mental health disorders are:

Postpartum depression: One of the most well-known maternal mental health disorders, postpartum depression is characterised by persistent sadness, feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and an inability to care for oneself or the baby. It affects about 10-15% of new mothers and, while it can develop shortly after childbirth, symptoms can emerge anytime within the first year after delivery.

Postpartum anxiety: Postpartum anxiety is another common condition that involves constant worry, restlessness, racing thoughts, and sometimes physical symptoms like dizziness or nausea. Mothers with postpartum anxiety may feel overwhelmed by irrational fears about their baby’s health and wellbeing.

Can maternal mental health challenges affect the baby?

Yes, maternal mental health issues can have a profound impact on a baby's development and wellbeing. A mother’s mental state plays a critical role in the bonding process, and disruptions in this bond can affect the baby both emotionally and physically.

When a mother is experiencing depression, anxiety, or other mental health issues, she may have difficulty responding to her baby’s needs. This can lead to challenges in breastfeeding, difficulties in bonding, and even developmental delays in the infant. Babies rely on their caregivers for emotional and physical support, and if a mother is emotionally withdrawn or overwhelmed, the baby may sense these changes and react with increased fussiness, difficulty sleeping, or problems with feeding.

When should I seek help for maternal mental health issues?

Recognising when to seek help is crucial. While mood swings, fatigue, and worry are common during pregnancy and after childbirth, persistent symptoms shouldn’t be ignored.

Here are some signs that indicate you should reach out to your obstetrician:

• If you experience feelings of sadness, anxiety, or hopelessness that persist beyond two weeks.
• If you feel unable to care for yourself or your baby, or you are constantly overwhelmed.
• If you find it hard to connect with your baby or feel emotionally detached.
• If you have thoughts about harming yourself or your baby.

Maternal mental health challenges are treatable, and seeking help early can make a significant difference.

How are maternal mental health challenges managed?

Managing maternal mental health disorders requires a comprehensive approach tailored to the mother’s individual needs. Treatment typically involves a combination of:

Therapy: Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is a widely-used and effective treatment for maternal mental health conditions. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy are particularly beneficial in treating postpartum depression and anxiety.

Medication: In certain cases, antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to help alleviate symptoms. Although many medications are considered safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it’s essential to consult with your obstetrician to find the most appropriate treatment plan.

Support: Support from partners, family, and friends also plays a crucial role. New mothers benefit greatly from emotional and practical support, whether it’s helping with childcare, offering encouragement, or simply providing a listening ear. Joining support groups, either in person or online, can also provide mothers with a sense of community and reduce feelings of isolation.

Furthermore, regular postpartum checkups with your obstetrician will allow for early detection and management of mental health disorders. An obstetrician can screen for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders, ensuring that mothers receive the appropriate care if needed.

If you would like to book an appointment with Ms Charlotte Deans, head on over to her Top Doctors profile today.