Navigating life with a diabetic foot

A diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to infections, ulcers, and, in severe cases, amputation. Managing this condition requires careful attention to foot health and prompt treatment of any issues.

An orthopaedic surgeon explains how individuals with diabetes can navigate the challenges of a diabetic foot and maintain a healthy, active lifestyle.
 

What is a diabetic foot?

A diabetic foot refers to any foot problem that occurs as a result of diabetes. Diabetes can cause nerve damage (neuropathy), which reduces sensation in the feet, and poor circulation, which slows the healing process. As a result, even minor injuries can turn into serious infections or ulcers.
 

How does diabetes affect foot health?

Diabetes can impact foot health in several ways:
 

• Neuropathy: damage to the nerves reduces sensation in the feet, making it difficult to feel injuries or pressure points.
• Poor circulation: diabetes can lead to reduced blood flow in the legs and feet, making it harder for wounds to heal.
• Infections: people with diabetes are more prone to infections, and foot wounds can become infected quickly if not treated.
   

What are the symptoms of a diabetic foot problem?

Common symptoms to look out for include:
 

• Swelling and redness: indicating inflammation or infection.
• Pain or tenderness: especially when walking or applying pressure.
• Ulcers or sores: non-healing wounds on the foot that do not improve with home care.
• Loss of sensation: a tingling or numb feeling in the feet.
   

What are the treatment options for diabetic foot problems?

If a foot problem does develop, treatment options may include:
 

• Wound care: cleaning and dressing ulcers or sores to promote healing.
• Infection management: antibiotics may be prescribed if an infection is present.
• Surgical intervention: in severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove dead tissue or even amputate if the infection is life-threatening.
• Custom orthotics: specially designed insoles can help redistribute pressure and prevent further injury.
   

Daily lifestyle recommendations for managing a diabetic foot

Living with a diabetic foot requires incorporating specific habits into your daily routine to prevent complications and maintain foot health. Key recommendations include:
 

• Inspect your feet daily: look for any cuts, blisters, swelling, or redness. Early detection can prevent minor issues from turning into serious problems.
• Keep your feet clean and dry: wash your feet daily with lukewarm water, gently pat them dry, especially between the toes, to prevent fungal infections.
• Moisturise your feet: apply lotion to keep the skin soft and prevent dryness, but avoid putting it between your toes, as moisture can encourage infections.
• Wear appropriate footwear: always wear shoes that fit well and provide support. Avoid walking barefoot, even indoors, to reduce the risk of injury.
• Trim your toenails carefully: trim nails straight across and file the edges to prevent ingrown nails, which can lead to infections.
• Control blood sugar levels: keeping your blood sugar in check is crucial for avoiding further complications. Regular monitoring and medication adherence are essential.
• Stay active: gentle exercise, like walking or swimming, helps improve circulation, but be sure to wear supportive shoes and avoid activities that put excessive strain on your feet.
   

Incorporating these daily habits can help you manage a diabetic foot and reduce the risk of serious complications.
 

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