Nosebleeds: What causes them and how to stop them for good

Nosebleeds, medically known as epistaxis, are a frequent occurrence that can be concerning but are typically not a serious health issue. However, if nosebleeds are frequent or severe, it’s essential to consult an ENT surgeon for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

This article provides an expert insight into nosebleeds, explaining their causes, when to seek medical attention, and effective management strategies.

What happens during a nosebleed?

A nosebleed occurs when the delicate blood vessels in the lining of the nasal passages rupture, leading to bleeding. This can happen in one or both nostrils and can vary in severity from a minor trickle of blood to a more substantial flow.

What can cause nosebleeds?

Nosebleeds can result from different factors.

Environmental factors: Dry air, particularly in winter months or arid climates, can dry out the nasal membranes, leading to cracks and bleeding. In addition, exposure to irritants such as smoke or strong odours can also cause inflammation.

Injury or trauma to the nose: Whether from impacts during sports or accidents, injury or trauma can damage blood vessels and result in bleeding. Similarly, common habits like nose picking can injure the sensitive lining of the nostrils.

Health conditions: Allergies, including hay fever, can increase nasal inflammation and the likelihood of nosebleeds, as can respiratory infections like the common cold or sinusitis, which irritate the nasal lining. Additionally, underlying health issues like high blood pressure, blood clotting disorders, and liver disease can predispose to frequent nosebleeds.

Medications: Certain medications, especially blood thinners such as warfarin or aspirin, increase the risk of bleeding, whilstt the overuse of nasal sprays, particularly decongestants, can further irritate the nasal lining.

Should I worry about my nosebleeds?

While nosebleeds are common and often harmless, you should seek medical attention:

• If you experience frequent nosebleeds (more than once a week).
• If a nosebleed continues for more than 20 minutes, even after applying pressure.
• If you experience additional symptoms, such as dizziness, weakness, or fainting alongside the nosebleed.
• If you experience a nosebleed after sustaining trauma or injury to the face or head.

How can I treat frequent nosebleeds?

If you frequently experience nosebleeds, your ENT surgeon may recommend specific treatments, including:

• Cauterisation: A procedure that seals off bleeding vessels using heat or chemical agents.
• Nasal packing: If bleeding is persistent, your ENT surgeon may insert gauze or a special nasal tampon to control bleeding.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to address structural problems in the nasal passages.

If medications are contributing to nosebleeds, your doctor may recommend alternative treatments or adjustments.

Can I prevent nosebleeds?

Preventing nosebleeds can often be achieved through a combination of lifestyle adjustments and self-care measures. Here are some effective methods to help reduce the occurrence of nosebleeds:

• Maintaining moisture in the nasal passages with a humidifier or saline nasal sprays.
• Drinking plenty of water to help maintain moisture in the mucous membranes of the nose.
• Reducing exposure to allergens like pollen and staying away from smoke and strong odours.

By implementing these preventative measures, you can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of nosebleeds. If you continue to experience them despite these efforts, consult with your ENT surgeon for further evaluation and management.