PCOS: what are the causes, and how is it diagnosed?
Written in association with:In one of our latest articles here below, we find out what polycystic ovary syndrome is, what some of the main early warning signs of the condition are, as well as how it is diagnosed, as esteemed London-based fertility specialist, Dr Irfana Koita, provides a detailed insight into the condition that affects hundreds upon thousands of women worldwide.
What is polycystic ovary syndrome?
PCOS is a condition whereby a woman’s ovaries (one or both), contain 12 or more follicles (egg sacs), measuring between two to nine millimetres in diameter leading to hormone imbalances in the body.
What are some of the warning signs or symptoms of polycystic ovaries?
There are plentiful symptoms of PCOS. They include the following:
- irregular periods or a complete absence of periods
- difficulty getting pregnant (because of irregular ovulation or failure to ovulate)
- excessive hair growth (hirsutism) – usually on the face, chest, back or buttocks
- weight gain
- thinning hair and hair loss from the head
- oily skin or acne
What causes PCOS?
Research suggests that there may be a genetic link to developing PCOS. However, the exact cause is believed to be related to an imbalance in certain hormone levels, such as increased testosterone, high levels of luteinising hormone [LH], low levels of sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG] as well as raised levels of prolactin.
Defective insulin or resistance to insulin has also been known to interfere with the development of the follicle sacs within which the eggs develop. Insulin resistance can cause weight gain which may exacerbate existing symptoms. Women with PCOS are more likely to develop diabetes if the condition is left unmanaged.
How is PCOS diagnosed?
A clinical diagnosis can be made following medical review of three main criteria: irregular cycles/inability to ovulate, the appearance of facial hair, as well as an ultrasound fertility scan.
Can it be cured?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for PCOS. The good news though, is that the condition can be effectively managed with appropriate treatment. Weight loss can decrease one’s chances of suffering from severe PCOS-related symptoms.
How is it treated most effectively?
There are a whole host of different and highly effective treatment options available for patients who have been diagnosed with PCOS. Both ovulation induction and IVF treatment have helped many women diagnosed with PCOS get pregnant and sustain a pregnancy. However, it is important to note that, in fact, not all women with PCOS will need assisted conception.
Dr Irfana Koita is a highly revered fertility specialist who can assist you when it comes to any fertility related issues you may be experiencing at present. To book a consultation with Dr Koita, visit her Top Doctors profile today.
