Peripheral nerve entrapment: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

Peripheral nerve entrapment is a condition where a nerve in the peripheral nervous system is compressed or trapped. This can lead to various symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness. Understanding this condition can help patients recognise symptoms early and seek appropriate treatment. Leading consultant in anaesthesia and pain medicine Dr Andrzej Krol discusses the causes, symptoms and treatment options.

What is peripheral nerve entrapment?

Peripheral nerves form a network that extends beyond the brain and spinal cord, facilitating the transmission of signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. If one of these nerves becomes compressed or trapped, it can interfere with normal nerve function, resulting in discomfort and various symptoms.

What are the common causes of peripheral nerve entrapment?

Peripheral nerve entrapment can occur due to various reasons. Repetitive movements, such as typing or using a screwdriver, can cause inflammation and swelling around a nerve, leading to entrapment. Injuries from accidents or sports can damage nerves directly or cause swelling and scar tissue formation, which can entrap nerves.

Certain medical conditions, like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypothyroidism, can predispose individuals to nerve entrapment due to associated inflammation or metabolic changes. Additionally, some individuals may have anatomical variations, such as a naturally narrow carpal tunnel, making them more susceptible to nerve compression.

What are the symptoms to watch for?

The symptoms of peripheral nerve entrapment depend on which nerve is affected. However, common signs include pain, often described as a sharp, burning, or aching sensation, which may worsen with specific movements. Numbness and tingling, a 'pins and needles' sensation, particularly in the hands or feet, are also common. Weakness, making it difficult to perform tasks that require fine motor skills or strength, can occur, along with swelling or redness in some cases, indicating visible signs of inflammation.

Diagnosis and treatment

If you believe you may be experiencing peripheral nerve entrapment, it is essential to seek advice from a healthcare provider. They will conduct a thorough physical examination and may recommend diagnostic tests such as nerve conduction studies or MRI scans to accurately identify the location and severity of the entrapment. Treatment approaches will be tailored based on the specific characteristics and severity of your condition.

What are the treatment options?

Rest and modification of activities to avoid aggravating the symptoms can help reduce inflammation and pressure on the nerve. Medications, including anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroid injections, can provide relief by reducing swelling and pain. Physical therapy with specific exercises and stretches can help alleviate pressure on the nerve and strengthen surrounding muscles. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to release the trapped nerve and restore normal function.

What are the preventative measures?

Taking steps to prevent peripheral nerve entrapment is crucial, especially for those at higher risk. Ergonomic adjustments at workstations, regular breaks during repetitive tasks, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can all contribute to nerve health. By understanding the causes, recognising symptoms early, and seeking appropriate treatment, individuals can manage peripheral nerve entrapment effectively and maintain a good quality of life. If you experience any of the symptoms described, please consult a medical professional for a thorough evaluation.

If you would like to book a consultation with Dr Krol, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.