Preventing gym Cystitis: Working out without the worry

Working out means you look great, but ensuring you feel comfortable about every aspect of your health is also important. Here to tell us all about gym cystitis, how it can develop and its prevention - so you can work out without worrying - is leading consultant gynaecologist at London Gynaecology Mr Narendra Pisal.      

What is cystitis and generally speaking, what are the main causes? Is there any way to tell the difference between that and a UTI or are they the same thing? 

UTI is a generic term to describe infection of any part of the urinary tract, which includes the bladder, ureters (tubes connecting bladder and kidneys) as well as kidneys. Cystitis is more specifically related to your bladder. So, cystitis or bladder infection is a subgroup of ‘UTI’ but often the term UTI is used to describe bladder infection too.

How would spinning/exercise in general cause cystitis – could it be down to a buildup of bacteria and sweat in gym kits? Could it be down to sitting exercises (whether it’s spin bikes, floor exercise etc) along with not showering or changing soon enough?

The tube through which urine comes out (urethra) is quite short in women and is only around 4cm long in most women, making it quite easy for the infection to get into the bladder. The urethra and its surrounding area can come into contact with the saddle during a spin class. The resulting friction, combined with the hot and sweaty atmosphere down there, alongside the possibility of dehydration, can create the perfect climate for bacteria not only to enter the bladder but also grow.

If the bladder is not emptied before and after the class, along with not having a shower till later, can also increase the risk.

Do you have any advice on how to reduce the risk of gym-induced cystitis? 

1. Using the right padded cycle shorts without underwear: This will help with reducing pressure and friction on the delicate parts of the anatomy.
2. Always wash the shorts immediately and use a fresh pair each time you ride a bike: Cycling shorts will get damp with sweat, plus there’s little ventilation and them being rubbed up against your body, is a breeding ground for bacteria.  
3. Hydration: Dehydration or starting a class without emptying the bladder can be a predisposing factor; so, ensure you drink plenty of water and empty the bladder without delaying for very long. This will to help flush bacteria out, preventing UTIs.
4. Having a shower and emptying the bladder immediately after the class will also help.
5. Using a tampon during the class: Some women (particularly after a vaginal birth) have reported that using a tampon can help with reducing bladder prolapse and thus help prevent cystitis.

How would you know if you had cystitis, what are the most common symptoms? 

Bladder infections, or cystitis, can come with several symptoms. The most common signs include:

1. Frequent and urgent need to urinate: You may feel the need to urinate more often than usual, and the urge can be strong and sudden.
2. Pain or discomfort during urination: You might experience a burning sensation, stinging, or pain while urinating.
3. Cloudy or strong-smelling urine: Urine may appear cloudy, dark, or have an unusually strong odour.
4. Blood in the urine: In some cases, the urine may contain blood, giving it a reddish or pinkish colour.
5. Lower abdominal or pelvic pain: You might feel pain or pressure in the lower abdomen or pelvic region.
6. Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying: You may still feel the need to urinate or have a feeling of incomplete emptying, even after urinating.
7. Mild fever: Sometimes, a low-grade fever may accompany a bladder infection, although it's less common.

Seeking assistance from a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment is essential if you suspect a bladder infection. Tests, for example, a urine culture, can confirm an infection, and then appropriate medication, typically antibiotics, can be prescribed.

What advice do you have for somebody who has a UTI/cystitis? What medication (if any) should be taken and how long does it usually take to clear up?

The most common treatment for a bladder infection is a course of antibiotics. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if the symptoms improve, to ensure the complete eradication of the infection.

In addition to antibiotics, the following measures can help manage and prevent bladder infections:

• Increase fluid intake: Drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated can help flush out bacteria from the urinary system.
• Urinate regularly and completely: Emptying your bladder frequently and ensuring you fully empty your bladder during each urination can help prevent the accumulation of bacteria.
• Avoid possible bladder irritants: Reduce or eliminate food and drinks like acidic drinks, alcohol, caffeine or spicy food.
• Urinate before and after sexual activity, or after any exercise: It can assist in flushing out bacteria which may have entered the urethra.
• Practice good hygiene: Keep the genital area clean and wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent the spread of bacteria.
• Over the counter medication like cranberry tablets can also prevent and help with bladder infections.

Do you require expert treatment for cystitis? Arrange a consultation with Mr Pisal via his Top Doctors profile.