Sports knee injuries: uncovered

Sports enthusiasts often push their bodies to the limit, and the knees are among the most commonly affected areas. From sudden twists to repetitive stress, athletes are prone to a range of knee injuries.

Here, esteemed consultant orthopaedic surgeon Professor Kuntal Patel uncovers the most common sports-related knee injuries, surgical procedures, recovery timelines, and long-term joint health maintenance strategies.

What are the most common sports-related knee injuries, and which of them typically end up in surgery?

The knee is a complex joint, susceptible to various injuries, but some are more prevalent in sports. Among the most frequent injuries suffered by athletes are the folllowing:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears

A sudden change in direction or direct impact can tear the ACL, a crucial ligament for knee stability. ACL tears often require surgery, especially in active individuals.

Meniscus tears 

The meniscus, a cartilage cushion between the thighbone and shinbone, can tear due to sudden twisting or repetitive stress. While not all meniscus tears require surgery, severe cases may necessitate it.

Patellar tendonitis (jumper's knee)

This overuse injury involves inflammation of the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone. Rest and physical therapy are typically the first line of treatment.

What are the main surgical procedures performed for sports-related injuries?

For severe cases or when conservative treatments fail to alleviate symptoms, surgery becomes necessary. Typical surgical procedures for sports-related knee injuries include:

ACL Reconstruction

Surgeons replace the torn ACL with a graft, which usually comes from the patient's hamstring or patellar tendon.

Meniscus repair or partial meniscectomy

Depending on the severity and location of the tear, surgeons may repair the meniscus or trim away the damaged part.

How long does the recovery and rehabilitation process typically take after knee surgery for sports injuries?

Recovery timelines vary depending on the type and extent of the injury, as well as individual factors. However, a typical rehabilitation timeline after knee surgery involves:

Immediate post-surgery

Patients begin with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), along with pain management.

Physical therapy

Rehabilitation includes exercises to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Gradually, patients reintroduce weight-bearing activities.

Return to sports

Athletes can usually return to their sport within six to twelve months post-surgery. However, it may take longer to reach peak performance.

How can athletes maintain long-term knee joint health and prevent potential complications in the future?

Prevention is key to preserving knee joint health and preventing future complications. Athletes can safeguard their knees by:

Cross-training

Incorporating a variety of activities into training can reduce repetitive stress on the knees.

Proper technique

Learning and practising proper techniques for sports and exercises can minimise the risk of injury.

Strength and flexibility

Building strong muscles around the knee joint and maintaining flexibility through stretching can enhance stability and reduce the risk of injury.

Listen to your body It is crucial to pay attention to warning signs such as pain or discomfort and don't ignore them. Rest and seek medical attention if necessary.

While sports-related knee injuries can be challenging, prompt treatment and diligent rehabilitation can facilitate a successful recovery. By adopting preventive measures and maintaining overall knee joint health, athletes can continue to enjoy their favourite activities with a reduced risk of future complications.

If you are suffering from a sports-related injury and would like to book a consultation with Professor Patel, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today