Temporomandibular joint disorder: explained

Temporomandibular joint disorder, commonly known as TMJ, is a condition that affects the joints connecting your jawbone to your skull. These joints, situated in front of each ear, enable you to perform essential tasks like chewing, speaking, and yawning. When they malfunction, it can lead to discomfort and difficulty in daily activities.

Leading consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeon Professor Piet Haers explores the condition, explaining its causes, diagnosis and treatment options.

What Causes temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)?

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ) disorder can arise from various factors, including:

Trauma: A direct blow to the jaw or a whiplash injury can damage the temporomandibular joint.

Bruxism: Habitual teeth grinding or clenching can strain the jaw muscles and joints.

Arthritis: Conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can affect the joints, including those in the jaw.

Malocclusion: Misalignment of the teeth or jaw can put undue stress on the temporomandibular joint.

Stress: Emotional or psychological stress may cause individuals to clench their jaw muscles involuntarily, contributing to TMJ symptoms.

Recognising TMJ Symptoms

Patients with TMJ disorder often experience the following symptoms:

Pain: Persistent pain or tenderness in the jaw joint area, face, neck, or shoulders.

Limited jaw movement: Difficulty or discomfort while chewing, speaking, or opening the mouth wide.

Clicking or popping: Audible sounds or sensations when moving the jaw, such as clicking, popping, or grating noises.

Muscle stiffness: Stiffness in the jaw muscles, particularly upon waking up in the morning.

Headaches: Recurring headaches, often resembling tension headaches, may accompany TMJ disorder.

Diagnosis and treatment

If you suspect you have TMJ disorder, it is crucial to seek evaluation from a healthcare professional. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough examination of your jaw joint, dental occlusion, and associated muscles. In some cases, imaging tests like X-rays or MRI scans may be necessary to assess the extent of joint damage.

Treatment for TMJ disorder aims to alleviate symptoms and improve jaw function. Depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition, treatment options may include:

Self-care measures: Practising relaxation techniques, avoiding hard or chewy foods, and applying ice packs can provide temporary relief.

Medications: Pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to manage symptoms.

Dental treatments: Dental interventions such as orthodontic treatment, bite adjustments, or the use of oral splints or mouthguards can help realign the jaw and alleviate pressure on the temporomandibular joint.

Physical therapy: Exercises to stretch and strengthen the jaw muscles, along with techniques like massage or ultrasound therapy, may improve jaw mobility and reduce pain.

Surgery: In severe cases of TMJ disorder resistant to conservative treatments, surgical options such as arthroscopy or joint replacement may be considered.

Seeking relief

If you're experiencing symptoms suggestive of TMJ disorder, don't hesitate to consult with an oral and maxillofacial specialist. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help alleviate discomfort and restore normal jaw function, allowing you to resume your daily activities with ease.

If you are concerned about TMJ disorder, do not hesitate to book a consultation with Professor Haers today.