The right way to eat - and boost your health - during cancer treatment

Nutrition plays a vital role in supporting the body during cancer treatment, helping to maintain strength, manage side effects and improve overall well-being. Eating the right foods can aid recovery, support the immune system and help the body tolerate treatment more effectively.

What are the key dietary considerations during cancer treatment?

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy can cause a range of side effects that affect appetite and digestion. A well-balanced diet should aim to:

• Maintain strength and energy levels
• Support immune function
• Help manage treatment-related side effects
• Prevent unintentional weight loss or malnutrition
• Aid in the recovery process

What should you eat during cancer treatment?

A nutrient-rich diet can help manage symptoms and promote overall health. Key dietary recommendations include:

• Protein-rich foods: Helps repair body tissues and maintain muscle mass. Good sources include lean meats, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes and tofu.
• Healthy fats: Supports energy levels and reduces inflammation. Choose sources such as nuts, seeds, avocados and olive oil.
• Complex carbohydrates: Provides sustained energy. Opt for whole grains, brown rice, quinoa and sweet potatoes.
• Fruits and vegetables: Packed with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress. Aim for a variety of colours to maximise nutrient intake.
• Hydration: Staying hydrated is essential. Water, herbal teas and diluted fruit juices can help maintain fluid balance.

What foods should be avoided?

Some foods may worsen treatment side effects or increase the risk of infections. It is best to limit or avoid:

• Processed and high-sugar foods: May cause energy fluctuations and inflammation.
• Unpasteurised dairy and raw foods: Increases the risk of foodborne illnesses, especially if the immune system is weakened.
• Greasy or spicy foods: Can worsen nausea and digestive discomfort.
• Alcohol and excessive caffeine: May interfere with hydration and certain medications.

How can diet help manage cancer treatment side effects?

• Nausea and vomiting: Eat small, frequent meals, choose bland foods and sip ginger tea.
• Loss of appetite: Focus on high-calorie, nutrient-dense foods and drink smoothies or meal replacement drinks.
• Diarrhoea: Avoid high-fibre foods, opt for easily digestible options like bananas, rice and plain yoghurt.
• Constipation: Increase fibre intake with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and drink plenty of water.

Should supplements be used during cancer treatment?

While vitamin and mineral supplements may help in some cases, it is important to consult a doctor before taking them, as certain supplements may interfere with cancer treatments. Where possible, it is best to obtain nutrients from whole foods rather than relying on supplements.

A well-balanced diet plays a crucial role in supporting the body through cancer treatment. By focusing on nutrient-dense foods, staying hydrated and managing treatment-related side effects, patients can help maintain their strength and improve their overall well-being. Consulting a dietitian or healthcare professional can ensure dietary choices are tailored to individual needs during treatment.