Understanding breast lumps: when to worry and when to relax

Finding a lump in your breast can be a concerning experience, but it is important to remember that not all lumps are a sign of cancer. Breast lumps can be caused by a variety of factors, many of which are benign.

In this article, a leading breast surgeon will address common questions about breast lumps to help you understand when it’s important to seek medical attention and when you can be more at ease.

What are the common causes of breast lumps?

There are several potential causes of breast lumps, and many of them are benign (non-cancerous). Common causes include:

• Fibroadenomas: these are solid, benign tumours that are common in younger women. They are smooth, firm, and move easily under the skin.
• Cysts: fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the breast tissue, especially in women over 40. They often fluctuate in size with the menstrual cycle and may cause tenderness.
• Fibrocystic changes: this refers to lumpy or rope-like breast tissue that many women experience, often due to hormonal changes. It can cause tenderness and swelling, particularly before menstruation.
• Infections: breast infections, such as mastitis, can lead to redness, swelling, and lumps, particularly in women who are breastfeeding.

When should I worry about a breast lump?

While most breast lumps are benign, there are certain signs that may indicate a need for further evaluation. You should be concerned if the lump:

• Feels hard or irregular in shape.
• Does not move when you press on it.
• Persists throughout the menstrual cycle.
• Is accompanied by other symptoms, such as nipple discharge, skin changes, nipple inversion, swelling or pain that doesn’t resolve.

If you experience any of these signs, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an evaluation.

How are breast lumps diagnosed?

To determine the nature of a breast lump, your doctor may recommend several diagnostic tests:

• Clinical examination: Your doctor will physically examine the lump and assess its characteristics, such as size, shape, and mobility.
• Mammogram: An X-ray of the breast that can help detect abnormalities. Mammograms are commonly used for women over 40 or in cases where the lump is concerning.
• Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue and can help distinguish between solid masses and fluid-filled cysts.
• Biopsy: If a lump appears suspicious, a biopsy may be performed to remove a small sample of tissue for laboratory analysis. This is the only definitive way to determine if a lump is cancerous.

Can breast lumps be prevented?

While it’s not possible to prevent all breast lumps, especially those caused by hormonal changes or genetic factors, there are steps you can take to monitor your breast health:

• Regular self-exams: performing monthly breast self-exams can help you become familiar with the normal feel of your breasts, making it easier to notice any changes.
• Routine screening: women over 50 in the UK are offered regular NHS breast screenings, which can help detect breast cancer early. It is important to attend these screenings as recommended.
• Healthy lifestyle: maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and reducing alcohol intake can contribute to overall breast health.

What should I do if I find a lump?

If you discover a lump in your breast, it is important not to panic. Many breast lumps are benign and do not require treatment. However, it is always a good idea to see your GP or breast specialist to ensure a proper diagnosis. Your doctor can guide you through the necessary steps, whether that involves simple monitoring or further investigation.

Conclusion

Breast lumps are a common occurrence, and while they can cause anxiety, the majority are benign. It’s essential to stay informed about the possible causes of breast lumps and know when to seek medical advice. Early detection and prompt evaluation are key to ensuring the best possible outcomes in case of more serious conditions.

Are you thinking about getting a diagnosis for breast lumps? Arrange a consultation with Miss Chloe Constantinou via her Top Doctors profile.