Understanding irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Triggers, treatments and tips

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition, but it can be managed with the right lifestyle adjustments and treatment strategies. Find out more in this article.

What is IBS?
 

IBS is a common digestive condition that affects the large intestine. It causes a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating and changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea or constipation.

Common triggers of IBS
 

IBS symptoms often worsen due to specific triggers. Identifying and avoiding these can help control flare-ups. Some of the most common triggers include:

• Dietary choices: Foods high in fat, processed foods and certain types of carbohydrates, such as those found in dairy, gluten or beans, can trigger IBS symptoms. Artificial sweeteners and caffeine are also common culprits.
• Stress: Emotional stress and anxiety can exacerbate IBS symptoms. The connection between the brain and gut (often referred to as the "gut-brain axis") plays a significant role in how stress impacts digestion.
• Hormonal changes: Women may experience more severe IBS symptoms during menstruation due to hormonal fluctuations.
• Medications: Certain medications, particularly antibiotics, can disrupt gut bacteria, leading to digestive problems in people with IBS.

Effective treatments for IBS
 

There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for IBS, but a combination of dietary changes, medication and stress management can help control symptoms. Common treatments include:

• Dietary modifications: Many people with IBS benefit from following a low FODMAP diet, which reduces specific carbohydrates that are difficult to digest. Keeping a food diary to track triggers can also be helpful.
• Medications: Over-the-counter medications, such as anti-diarrhoeal or laxatives, may be used to manage diarrhoea or constipation. In some cases, doctors may prescribe antispasmodic medications to relieve abdominal cramping.
• Probiotics: These may help balance gut bacteria, reducing bloating and other symptoms in some patients.
• Psychological therapies: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and other psychological treatments can help manage stress and anxiety, which are known to worsen IBS symptoms. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques may also prove beneficial.

Tips for managing IBS
 

Managing IBS involves a combination of lifestyle adjustments and self-care practices. These tips can help improve daily comfort:

• Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water supports digestion and helps manage constipation.
• Regular exercise: Physical activity can stimulate digestion and reduce stress, both of which are essential for managing IBS symptoms.
• Sleep well: Quality sleep can improve overall gut health and help reduce the frequency of IBS symptoms.
• Eat small, regular meals: Rather than having large meals, try eating smaller portions throughout the day to avoid overloading the digestive system.

With the right approach, many people with IBS can successfully manage their symptoms and maintain a high quality of life. Consulting with a healthcare professional is the best way to create a personalised management plan based on individual triggers and treatment responses.