Understanding postmenopausal bleeding: what you need to know

As women transition through menopause, they often experience a variety of changes in their bodies. One such change that can occur is postmenopausal bleeding, which may, understandably, cause concern. Experienced consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Mr Sourav Das discusses what postmenopausal bleeding is, potential causes, when to seek medical attention, and available treatment options.

What is postmenopausal bleeding?

Postmenopausal bleeding refers to any vaginal bleeding that occurs after a woman has gone through menopause. Menopause typically occurs around the age of 45 to 55, marking the end of a woman's reproductive years. Once a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months, she is considered to have reached menopause. Any vaginal bleeding that occurs beyond this point is considered abnormal and should be investigated.

What are the potential causes of postmenopausal bleeding?

Postmenopausal bleeding can stem from various factors, spanning from mild to potentially severe conditions. One common cause is vaginal atrophy, which occurs due to the decline in oestrogen levels during menopause. This can lead to thinning and inflammation of the vaginal tissues, resulting in bleeding.

Other possible causes include:

Hormone therapy: Some women may experience breakthrough bleeding while on hormone replacement therapy.

Polyps: Benign growths in the uterus or cervix may lead to bleeding.

Endometrial hyperplasia: An overgrowth of cells in the lining of the uterus may lead to irregular bleeding.

Endometrial cancer: In some cases, postmenopausal bleeding may be a sign of endometrial cancer, although this is less common.

When should I seek medical attention?

While postmenopausal bleeding is often benign, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly to rule out any serious underlying conditions. If you experience any vaginal bleeding after menopause, it's crucial to see your healthcare provider for evaluation. They may perform a pelvic examination, imaging tests, or a biopsy to determine the cause of the bleeding.

What are my treatment options?

Treatment for postmenopausal bleeding will depend on the underlying cause. In many cases, addressing the underlying issue, such as vaginal atrophy or hormonal imbalance, can help alleviate symptoms. This may involve hormone therapy, medications to thicken the uterine lining, or surgical removal of polyps or abnormal tissue.

Postmenopausal bleeding can be concerning, but you must not to panic. By understanding the potential causes and seeking timely medical attention, you can take control of your health and address any underlying issues effectively. If you experience any vaginal bleeding after menopause, don't hesitate to reach out to your doctor for guidance and support.

If you are experiencing post-menopausal bleeding and would like to book a consultation with Mr Das, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.